Figure 1

Energy intake and protein-energy malnutrition in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. (A) The average energy intake of 35 HCC patients at home was 1977 ± 513 kcal/day (mean ± SD) and tended to be higher than the 1834 ± 290 kcal/day in the hospital (p = 0.061). (B) Nitrogen balance was measured from a 24 hr specimen of urine and was −2.1 ± 4.5 g/dl and −3.0 ± 2.8 g/dl on days 1 and 4 after admission, respectively. There was no significant difference between these values (p = 0.31). (C) Non-protein respiratory quotient on day 1 was 0.83 ± 0.061 and was significantly lower than 0.86 ± 0.075 on day 4 (p = 0.0032). (D) Daily energy requirement was calculated based on resting energy expenditure (REE) or the basal energy expenditure (BEE) estimated from the Harris-Benedict equation. When stress and activity indices were set at 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, 15 out of 34 cases showed more than 10% difference between REE-based and BEE-based estimations.