Table 3 Relationship between areca nut chewing and components of metabolic syndrome
From: Areca nut chewing and metabolic syndrome: evidence of a harmful relationship
Areca nut chewers | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non chewers | Raw areca chewers | Areca with tobacco additives | P-value for trend | |
Total participants | 722 | 231 | 117 | |
Central Obesity | ||||
Obese, n(%) | 231 (32.0) | 94 (40.7) | 57 (48.7) | |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | reference | 1.46 (1.07-1.98) | 2.02 (1.36-3.00) | <0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | reference | 1.42 (0.97-2.06) | 1.65 (1.03-2.63) | 0.015 |
Raised blood pressure | ||||
Raised BP cases, n(%) | 234 (32.4) | 89 (38.5) | 58 (49.6) | |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | reference | 1.31 (0.96-1.78) | 2.05 (1.38-3.04) | <0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | reference | 1.23 (0.89-1.70) | 1.87 (1.25-2.81) | 0.003 |
Reduced HDL | ||||
Reduced HDL cases, n(%) | 233 (32.8) | 104 (45.0) | 58 (50.0) | |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | reference | 1.72 (1.27-2.33) | 2.06 (1.39-3.06) | <0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | reference | 1.55 (1.11-2.17) | 1.66 (1.09-2.54) | 0.003 |
Hypertrigylceridemia | ||||
Hypertriglyceridemia cases, n(%) | 150 (20.8) | 72 (31.2) | 41 (35.0) | |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | reference | 1.73 (1.24-2.41) | 2.06 (1.35-3.13) | <0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | reference | 1.82 (1.28-2.59) | 2.04 (1.32-3.16) | <0.001 |
Hyperglycemia | ||||
Hyperglycemia cases, n(%) | 88 (12.2) | 43 (18.6) | 26 (22.2) | |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)a | reference | 1.65 (1.11-2.46) | 2.06 (1.26-3.36) | 0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | reference | 1.48 (0.97-2.27) | 1.80 (1.08-3.00) | 0.011 |