Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study sample based on areca nut chewing categories
From: Areca nut chewing and metabolic syndrome: evidence of a harmful relationship
Characteristics | Non-users | Areca nut chewers | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Raw areca nut users | Areca with tobacco additives | |||
Total participants, n(%) | 722(67.5) | 231(21.6) | 117(10.9) | _ |
Male sex, n(%) | 419(70.0) | 126(21.0) | 54(9.0) | 0.05 |
Age, mean (SD) | 33.8(15.3) | 33.9(15.6) | 33.4(14.7) | 0.95 |
Age, n(%) | ||||
Age 16-39 | 470(67.3) | 151(21.6) | 77(11.0) | 0.95 |
Age 40-49 | 99(66.9) | 32(21.6) | 17(11.5) | |
Age 50-59 | 87(69.1) | 24(19.1) | 15(11.9) | |
Age 60-75 | 66(67.4) | 24(24.5) | 8(8.2) | |
Waist circumference, mean(SD) | 80.3(12.1) | 82.1(12.4) | 84.0(12.3) | 0.003 |
Central obesity, n(%) | 231(32.0) | 94(40.7) | 57(48.7) | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean(SD) | 123.6(19.0) | 126.5(20.4) | 131.0(21.4) | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, mean(SD) | 71.6(9.5) | 73.1(9.8) | 74.5(9.6) | 0.003 |
Cholesterol level, mmol/L, mean(SD) | 5.6(1.1) | 5.8(1.2) | 5.7(1.0) | 0.31 |
High density lipoprotein, mmol/L, mean(SD) | 1.4(0.4) | 1.3(0.4) | 1.3(0.4) | 0.03 |
Serum triglyceride level, mmol/L, mean(SD) | 1.4(0.9) | 1.6(1.1) | 1.6(1.0) | 0.004 |
Blood glucose level, mmol/L, mean(SD) | 4.8(0.9) | 5.0(1.2) | 5.3(2.0) | <0.001 |
Social class | ||||
Professionals | 158(67.5) | 44(18.8) | 32(13.7) | <0.001 |
Non-manual workers | 115(42.3) | 113(41.5) | 44(16.2) | |
Manual workers | 449(79.6) | 74(13.1) | 41(7.3) | |