Table 3 Effectiveness of the intervention on the energy intake per day mean energy intake (kJ/day)

Bhandari N, 2004

0.93

0.78-1.07

72.07

Santos I, 2001

0.24

−0.24-0.73

6.32

Pachon H, 2002

0.33

0.07-0.59

21.61

I-V Pooled SMD

0.76

0.63-0.88

Heterogeneity chi-square = 19.91 (d.f. = 2) p < 0.001

Test of SMD = 0; z = 12.17 p < 0.001

Median energy intake (kJ/day)

Bhandari N, 2001

0.38

0.10-0.67

42.45

Vazir S, 2012

1.55

1.31-1.80

57.55

I-V pooled SMD

1.06

0.87-1.24

Heterogeneity chi-squared = 37.63 (d.f. = 1) p <0.001

Test of SMD = 0: z = 11.22 p < 0.001