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Table 1 The type and concentration of phytohcemicals in a range of wholegrain cereals

From: The potential role of phytochemicals in wholegrain cereals for the prevention of type-2 diabetes

Phytochemical

Wheat

Barley

Rice

Rye

Oat

Methionine (g/100g) [48, 53–56]

0.17 – 0.24

0.03 – 0.08

0.18 – 0.21

0.18

0.18

Cystine (g/100g) [48, 53–56]

0.19 – 0.40

0.06 – 0.2

0.11 – 0.16

0.18

0.18

Selenium (mg/100g) [48, 57–60]

0.0003 – 3

0.002 – 0.030

0.0002 – 1.37

0.00014

< 0.10 – 3.3

Folate (mg/100g) [60, 61]

0.01 – 0.09

0.5 – 0.8

0.016

0.55 – 0.80

0.05 – 0.06

Choline (mg/100g) [48, 62]

27 – 195

6.9 – 11

Unknown

Unknown

2.0 – 2.6

Tocopherols + tocotrienols [48, 63–67]

2.3 – 8.0

4.7 – 6.8

0.4 – 0.9

0.4 – 0.7

0.05 – 4.8

Carotenoids (total) (mg gallic acid eq./100g) [48, 60]

0.04 – 0.63

0.015 – 0.105

0.014 – 0.077

Unknown

0.031

Polyphenols (mg/100g) [60]

70 – 1459

50 – 196

54 – 313

125 – 255

9 – 34

Phenolic acids (total) (μg/g) [61, 64, 68]

200 – 900

100 – 550

Unknown

200 – 1080

350 – 874

Phenolic acid (free) (ug/g) [61, 64, 68]

5 – 39

5 – 23

Unknown

10 – 35

50 – 110

Ferulic acid (total, mg/100g) [48, 69]

16 – 213

110 – 120

30

3.9 – 5.0

2.1 – 2.4

Flavanoids (total, mg/100g) [48, 69]

30 – 43

12 – 18

Unknown

6.7 – 7.5

5.6 – 8.2

Other (mg/100g)

     

Alkylresorcinols μg/g [61, 70]

200 – 750

0 – 150

Not present

570 – 3220

Not present

Avenanthramides (mg/100g [71, 72]

Not present

Not present

Not present

Not present

4.9 – 27.5

Betaine (mg/100g) [48, 60, 62, 73]

22 – 291

40 – 76

0.5 (brown)

Unknown

11.3 – 100

Phytosterols (mg/100g) [48, 74]

57 – 98

90 – 115

Unknown

Unknown

Unknown