Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet score and risk of incident cancer; a prospective cohort study

Nutrition Journal

Table 4 Associations between low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) score and incident all-cause and site-specific cancer in Västerbotten Intervention Programme participants in a subgroup with reduced follow-up until 2002

Cancer type	Sex	LCHP score¹	nCases	Model 1^2,3HR (95% CI)	p-trend⁵	Model 2^2,4HR (95% CI)	p-trend⁵
All cancer sites	Men	low	94	1		1
n = 531		medium	118	1.20 (0.91-1.58)		1.35 (1.01-1.79)
		high	55	1.05 (0.75-1.46)	0.599	1.25 (0.86-1.80)	0.093
	Women	low	82	1		1
		medium	101	1.10 (0.81-1.47)		1.15 (0.84-1.56)
		high	81	1.29 (0.95-1.76)	0.049	1.39 (0.98-1.96)	0.020
Prostate cancer	Men	low	47	1		1
n = 106		medium	40	0.86 (0.56-1.32)		0.98 (0.63-1.51)
		high	19	0.80 (0.47-1.38)	0.261	1.01 (0.57-1.80)	0.871
Breast cancer	Women	low	29	1		1
n = 91		medium	33	0.98 (0.59-1.62)		1.05 (0.62-1.78)
		high	29	1.24 (0.74-2.09)	0.210	1.38 (0.77-2.46)	0.100
Colorectum	All	low	17	1		1
n = 57		medium	24	1.38 (0.74-2.58)		1.48 (0.77-2.81)
		high	16	1.58 (0.79-3.13)	0.320	1.76 (0.83-3.73)	0.245

¹ LCHP scores were calculated separately for FFQ version and sex, and categorized into roughly equally sized groups: low (2–8 points), medium (9–13 points) and high (14–20 points).
² Hazard ratios were determined by Cox regression analyses.
³ Including age strata.
⁴ Further adjusted for obesity, sedentary lifestyle, lack of postsecondary education, current smoking, and intake of energy, alcohol, and saturated fat.
⁵ p-trend were calculated per 1-point increase in LCHP score.

ISSN: 1475-2891