From: Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet score and risk of incident cancer; a prospective cohort study
Cancer type | Sex | LCHP score1 | n | Model 12,3 | Â | Model 22,4 | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | HR (95% CI) | p-trend5 | HR (95% CI) | p-trend5 | |||
All cancer sites | Men | low | 545 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 3,059 |  | medium | 650 | 1.12 (1.00-1.25) |  | 1.10 (0.97-1.23) |  |
 |  | high | 327 | 1.01 (0.88-1.16) | 0.678 | 0.97 (0.83-1.12) | 0.973 |
 | Women | low | 525 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 |  | medium | 596 | 1.00 (0.89-1.13) |  | 1.00 (0.89-1.13) |  |
 |  | high | 416 | 1.01 (0.89-1.15) | 0.776 | 1.00 (0.86-1.15) | 0.777 |
Prostate cancer | Men | low | 256 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 657 |  | medium | 266 | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) |  | 1.01 (0.85-1.21) |  |
 |  | high | 135 | 0.98 (0.79-1.21) | 0.671 | 0.97 (0.78-1.22) | 0.588 |
Breast cancer | Women | low | 195 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 581 |  | medium | 232 | 1.03 (0.85-1.24) |  | 1.04 (0.85-1.28) |  |
 |  | high | 154 | 0.96 (0.78-1.19) | 0.761 | 1.00 (0.79-1.27) | 0.924 |
<49 y at diagnosis | Women | low | 30 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 104 |  | medium | 49 | 1.15 (0.73-1.81) |  | 1.26 (0.77-2.06) |  |
 |  | high | 25 | 0.85 (0.50-1.45) | 0.948 | 1.04 (0.57-1.89) | 0.343 |
>55 y at diagnosis | Women | low | 73 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 184 |  | medium | 71 | 1.03 (0.74-1.42) |  | 1.07 (0.76-1.50) |  |
 |  | high | 40 | 0.96 (0.65-1.41) | 0.975 | 1.02 (0.67-1.55) | 0.707 |
Colorectum | Men | low | 66 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 329 |  | medium | 75 | 1.08 (0.78-1.51) |  | 1.02 (0.72-1.44) |  |
 |  | high | 43 | 1.12 (0.76-1.65) | 0.949 | 1.00 (0.66-1.52) | 0.511 |
 | Women | low | 53 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 |  | medium | 58 | 1.02 (0.70-1.48) |  | 0.99 (0.67-1.47) |  |
 |  | high | 34 | 0.88 (0.57-1.36) | 0.625 | 0.83 (0.52-1.34) | 0.459 |
Respiratory tract | Men | low | 19 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 143 |  | medium | 42 | 2.10 (1.22-3.61) |  | 1.84 (1.05-3.23) |  |
 |  | high | 18 | 1.64 (0.86-3.14) | 0.044 | 1.24 (0.62-2.47) | 0.381 |
 | Women | low | 18 | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 |  | medium | 27 | 1.38 (0.76-2.51) |  | 1.42 (0.76-2.66) |  |
 |  | high | 19 | 1.39 (0.72-2.65) | 0.261 | 1.37 (0.67-2.82) | 0.328 |
Urinary tract | Both sexes | low | 40 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 116 |  | medium | 47 | 1.11 (0.73-1.69) |  | 1.11 (0.72-1.73) |  |
 |  | high | 29 | 1.11 (0.69-1.81) | 0.591 | 1.15 (0.68-1.94) | 0.552 |
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma | Both sexes | low | 44 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 111 |  | medium | 40 | 0.83 (0.54-1.28) |  | 0.92 (0.59-1.44) |  |
 |  | high | 27 | 0.90 (0.56-1.46) | 0.902 | 1.10 (0.65-1.88) | 0.400 |
Malignant melanoma | Both sexes | low | 34 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 105 |  | medium | 50 | 1.21 (0.78-1.87) |  | 1.22 (0.77-1.93) |  |
 |  | high | 21 | 0.76 (0.44-1.31) | 0.475 | 0.76 (0.42-1.37) | 0.509 |
Endometrium | Women | low | 30 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 103 |  | medium | 41 | 1.25 (0.78-2.01) |  | 1.35 (0.83-2.21) |  |
 |  | high | 32 | 1.42 (0.86-2.34) | 0.268 | 1.60 (0.92-2.79) | 0.161 |
Ovary | Women | low | 24 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 72 |  | medium | 28 | 1.03 (0.59-1.78) |  | 1.01 (0.57-1.79) |  |
 |  | high | 20 | 1.07 (0.59-1.94) | 0.710 | 0.99 (0.51-1.92) | 0.927 |
Leukemia | Both sexes | low | 25 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 70 |  | medium | 23 | 0.82 (0.46-1.44) |  | 0.78 (0.43-1.40) |  |
 |  | high | 22 | 1.20 (0.67-2.14) | 0.476 | 1.14 (0.60-2.15) | 0.601 |
Pancreas | Both sexes | low | 25 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 70 |  | medium | 28 | 1.03 (0.60-1.76) |  | 0.88 (0.50-1.55) |  |
 |  | high | 17 | 0.99 (0.53-1.84) | 0.771 | 0.77 (0.39-1.50) | 0.584 |
Stomach | Both sexes | low | 24 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 69 |  | medium | 33 | 1.27 (0.75-2.16) |  | 1.35 (0.78-2.35) |  |
 |  | high | 12 | 0.74 (0.37-1.49) | 0.301 | 0.84 (0.40-1.79) | 0.526 |
Multiple myeloma | Both sexes | low | 23 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 63 |  | medium | 29 | 1.13 (0.66-1.96) |  | 0.94 (0.53-1.68) |  |
 |  | high | 11 | 0.68 (0.33-1.40) | 0.692 | 0.51 (0.24-1.10) | 0.211 |
Renal cell | Both sexes | low | 21 | 1 | Â | 1 | Â |
n = 50 |  | medium | 21 | 0.92 (0.50-1.69) |  | 0.89 (0.47-1.68) |  |
 |  | high | 8 | 0.56 (0.25-1.27) | 0.174 | 0.54 (0.23-1.30) | 0.162 |