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Table 1 Characteristics of US adults from national nutrition and time use surveys, 1965-1966 to 2007-2008 *

From: Trends in US home food preparation and consumption: analysis of national nutrition surveys and time use studies from 1965–1966 to 2007–2008

National nutrition surveys

 

HFCS

NFCS

 

CSFII

 

CSFII

 

NHANES

 

NHANES

 
 

1965- 1966

1977-1978

 

1989-1991

 

1994-1996

 

2003-2004

 

2007-2008

 
 

(n=4,114)

(n=12,935)

p a

(n=7,750)

p

(n=6,894)

p

(n=3,138)

p

(n=3,734)

p

Gender

           

Male

43.3%

41.1%

0.104

48.1%

<0.001

49.3%

<0.001

49.1%

<0.001

48.3%

<0.001

Age group

           

19 - 30

28.0%

36.3%

<0.001

32.4%

0.167

30.1%

0.640

29.5%

1.000

28.6%

1.000

31 - 40

26.3%

23.6%

0.0243

30.2%

0.007

30.1%

0.002

24.1%

0.804

22.7%

0.048

41 - 50

25.6%

19.8%

<0.001

21.9%

0.006

23.7%

0.249

24.5%

1.000

26.2%

1.000

51 - 60

20.1%

20.3%

1.000

15.5%

<0.001

16.1%

0.001

21.9%

1.000

22.5%

0.437

Income

           

Low

21.0%

13.7%

<0.001

12.8%

<0.001

15.3%

0.005

22.9%

1.000

22.7%

1.000

Middle

52.7%

26.7%

<0.001

28.5%

<0.001

28.9%

<0.001

25.9%

<0.001

26.0%

<0.001

High

26.3%

49.6%

<0.001

58.7%

<0.001

55.8%

<0.001

51.2%

<0.001

51.3%

<0.001

National time use surveys

 

MCTRP

AUTP

 

AUTP

 

NHAPS 1992–1994 and NTDS

 

ATUS

 

ATUS

 
 

1965- 1966

1975-1976

 

1985-1986

 

1994-1995

 

2003-2004

 

2007-2008

 
 

(n=1,888)

(n=3,190)

p b

(n=2,391)

p

(n=6,291)

p

(n=24,382)

p

(n=17,282)

p

Gender

           

  Male

47.5%

46.7%

1.000

46.7%

1.000

45.8%

1.000

48.9%

1.000

49.5%

0.556

Age group

           

19 - 30

32.3%

35.1%

0.305

34.3%

0.942

31.1%

1.000

25.8%

<0.001

26.2%

<0.001

31 - 40

22.4%

25.5%

0.062

29.7%

<0.001

29.7%

<0.001

27.0%

<0.001

25.6%

0.009

41 - 50

26.3%

18.8%

<0.001

19.1%

<0.001

24.3%

0.428

26.5%

1.000

26.5%

1.000

51 - 60

19.0%

20.6%

1.000

16.9%

0.442

14.9%

<0.001

20.6%

0.549

21.7%

0.046

Income status

           

Low

15.9%

9.9%

<0.001

14.5%

1.000

30.5%

<0.001

21.5%

<0.001

19.9%

<0.001

Middle

52.4%

54.2%

1.000

51.1%

1.000

34.4%

<0.001

49.9%

0.208

46.8%

<0.001

High

31.6%

35.9%

0.019

34.4%

0.374

35.1%

0.427

28.6%

0.049

33.3%

0.867

  1. * Abbreviations: HFCS is the Household Food Consumption Survey, NFCS is the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, CSFII is Continuing Food Intakes by Individuals, and NHANES is National Health and Nutrition Survey. MCTBRP is the Multinational Comparative Time-Budget Research Project, AUTP is American’s Use of Time Project, NHAPS and NTDS are the National Human Activity Pattern Survey and National Time Diary Study, respectively, and ATUS is the American Time Use Study. Percentages have been adjusted to be nationally representative.
  2. Income distributions for the dietary and time use surveys cannot be directly compared as income categories in the diet surveys reflect the ratio of family income to poverty (≤130%, 130% to 300%, and ≥ 300%) while income categories in the time use surveys reflect the quantile of respondent income (lowest 25%, middle 50%, and highest 25%).
  3. a Different from the HFCS 1965–1966 (proportions testing).
  4. b Different from the MCTRP 1965–1966, (proportions testing).