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Table 7 Maternal dietary intake of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines and limb deficiency defects in offspring

From: Maternal dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites and nitrosamines and selected birth defects in offspring: a case-control study

  

Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI)

Adjusted odds ratios** (95% CI)

 

Limb deficiency defect

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 2

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 3

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 4

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 2

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 3

Quartile 1 vs Quartile 4

Nitrate

      
 

Longitudinal

0.75 (0.52-1.07)

0.79 (0.55-1.13)

0.78 (0.55-1.11)

0.74 (0.51-1.06)

0.82 (0.56-1.19)

0.79 (0.52-1.20)

 

Transverse

1.07 (0.80-1.43)

0.97 (0.72-1.30)

0.80 (0.59-1.09)

1.02 (0.76-1.36)

0.91 (0.66-1.24)

0.73 (0.51-1.04)

 

Intercalary

0.70 (0.27-1.84)

0.70 (0.27-1.84)

1.00 (0.42-2.41)

0.76 (0.28-2.06)

0.90 (0.31-2.60)

1.40 (0.48-4.10)

 

Preaxial*

0.69 (0.43-1.10)

0.71 (0.45-1.12)

0.69 (0.43-1.10)

0.67 (0.42-1.07)

0.72 (0.44-1.18)

0.65 (0.37-1.13)

Nitrite

      
 

Longitudinal

0.67 (0.46-0.98)

0.77 (0.53-1.10)

0.93 (0.66-1.31)

0.69 (0.48-1.01)

0.75 (0.51-1.12)

0.95 (0.59-1.52)

 

Transverse

1.08 (0.81-1.45)

0.94 (0.70-1.28)

1.04 (0.77-1.39)

1.10 (0.82-1.48)

0.91 (0.65-1.27)

0.95 (0.63-1.42)

 

Intercalary

1.79 (0.60-5.36)

1.41 (0.45-4.46)

2.61 (0.93-7.33)

2.29 (0.74-7.07)

1.92 (0.56-6.59)

4.70 (1.23-17.93)

 

Preaxial*

0.80 (0.50-1.28)

0.78 (0.49-1.26)

0.90 (0.57-1.42)

0.74 (0.46-1.20)

0.65 (0.39-1.09)

0.64 (0.34-1.20)

Animal Nitrite

      
 

Longitudinal

0.87 (0.60-1.25)

0.99 (0.69-1.41)

0.89 (0.62-1.28)

0.91 (0.63-1.31)

0.95 (0.65-1.38)

0.83 (0.53-1.29)

 

Transverse

0.91 (0.67-1.22)

0.93 (0.69-1.25)

0.99 (0.74-1.33)

1.01 (0.75-1.37)

0.98 (0.72-1.34)

1.13 (0.79-1.61)

 

Intercalary

1.41 (0.45-4.47)

1.84 (0.61-5.49)

2.63 (0.94-7.41)

1.56 (0.48-5.01)

1.94 (0.61-6.15)

2.73 (0.80-9.37)

 

Preaxial*

0.96 (0.60-1.53)

0.97 (0.60-1.54)

0.93 (0.58-1.49)

0.96 (0.60-1.53)

0.84 (0.51-1.38)

0.69 (0.39-1.23)

Plant Nitrite

      
 

Longitudinal

0.96 (0.67-1.37)

0.87 (0.60-1.26)

0.97 (0.68-1.39)

1.00 (0.69-1.44)

0.91 (0.60-1.38)

1.06 (0.64-1.74)

 

Transverse

0.87 (0.64-1.17)

0.81 (0.60-1.10)

1.08 (0.81-1.43)

0.88 (0.65-1.20)

0.82 (0.58-1.14)

0.92 (0.61-1.38)

 

Intercalary

1.11 (0.43-2.89)

1.25 (0.49-3.16)

0.87 (0.31-2.39)

1.36 (0.50-3.70)

1.81 (0.62-5.28)

1.61 (0.40-6.47)

 

Preaxial*

1.05 (0.66-1.66)

0.89 (0.55-1.43)

0.96 (0.60-1.54)

1.09 (0.67-1.75)

0.91 (0.53-1.55)

0.90 (0.47-1.73)

Nitrosamine

      
 

Longitudinal

0.95 (0.67-1.37)

0.88 (0.61-1.27)

1.01 (0.71-1.45)

0.99 (0.68-1.42)

0.86 (0.58-1.29)

1.03 (0.65-1.61)

 

Transverse

1.01 (0.76-1.36)

0.95 (0.71-1.28)

0.92 (0.68-1.24)

1.02 (0.76-1.38)

0.96 (0.70-1.33)

1.00 (0.69-1.46)

 

Intercalary

2.26 (0.69-7.34)

2.76 (0.88-8.70)

2.57 (0.80-8.20)

2.50 (0.74-8.40)

3.05 (0.88-10.56)

2.75 (0.68-11.08)

 

Preaxial*

0.80 (0.50-1.28)

0.83 (0.52-1.32)

0.90 (0.57-1.42)

0.83 (0.52-1.34)

0.76 (0.45-1.28)

0.77 (0.43-1.40)

  1. * Subcategory of longitudinal limb deficiency.
  2. ** Logistic regression models adjusted for energy intake, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, dietary folate intake, dietary fat intake, and study center.
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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