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Table 3 Mean daily nutrient and food intakes and Pearson correlation coefficients among pregnant women of the INMA-Valencia Study, 2004–2006

From: Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in a Mediterranean area

 

FFQ1a

FFQ2 a

P b

Pearson coefficient correlations between FFQ1 and FFQ2

Percent of agreement e

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Unadjusted c

Adjusted d

Nutrients (units/day)

      

Energy (kcals)

2304 (587)

2212 (633)

<0.001

0.58

 

75.4

Protein (g)

102 (25)

99 (27)

<0.001

0.53

0.49

75.8

Total carbohydrates (g)

261 (81)

253 (86)

0.005

0.57

0.36

73.8

Dietary fiber (g)

24 (8)

22 (8)

<0.001

0.48

0.43

68.8

Cholesterol (mg)

340 (109)

332 (113)

0.070

0.48

0.35

72.0

Total fat (g)

99 (29)

93 (31)

<0.001

0.50

0.35

74.2

SFA (g/)

31 (11)

30 (11)

0.026

0.51

0.38

72.7

MUFA (g)

46 (14)

43 (14)

<0.001

0.46

0.35

69.6

PUFA (g)

15 (6)

14 (7)

0.001

0.49

0.35

73.0

Omega 3 (g)

1.6 (0.5)

1.5 (0.5)

<0.001

0.53

0.50

71.9

Omega 6 (g)

13 (6)

12 (6)

0.001

0.49

0.35

73.0

Retinol (μg)

812 (819)

844 (781)

0.335

0.51

0.53

76.2

α- carotene (μg)

536 (468)

532 (525)

0.859

0.50

0.51

71.6

β- carotene (μg)

4499 (2438)

4553 (2665)

0.583

0.55

0.56

72.7

Lutein+Zeaxanthin (μg)

3157 (2455)

3091 (2381)

0.453

0.59

0.59

75.7

Lycopene (μg)

4410 (2727)

5004 (3763)

<0.001

0.14

0.06*

57.7

β- Cryptoxanthin (μg)

360 (253)

362 (263)

0.851

0.38

0.36

67.0

Vitamin B6 (mg)

2.1 (0.7)

2.1 (0.8)

0.684

0.53

0.50

73.4

Folate (μg)

305 (99)

297 (106)

0.034

0.52

0.48

71.5

Vitamin B12 (μg)

9.9 (5.7)

9.7 (5.5)

0.335

0.46

0.43

70.8

Vitamin C (mg)

144 (83)

143 (86)

0.720

0.45

0.44

71.7

Vitamin D (μg)

3.1 (1.9)

3.3 (2.1))

0.009

0.55

0.52

71.5

Vitamin E (mg)

11.4. (4.1)

10.8 (4.5)

0.001

0.45

0.37

70.1

Calcium (mg)

1289 (429)

1320 (455)

0.060

0.51

0.49

71.4

Iron (mg)

21 (6)

20 (6)

<0.001

0.53

0.40

75.0

Magnesium (mg)

387 (105)

383 (107)

0.215

0.69

0.57

72.7

Sodium(mg)

3411 (996)

3171 (1043)

<0.001

0.49

0.33

72.8

Zinc (mg)

28 (7)

26 (7)

<0.001

0.52

0.40

74.1

Iodine f (μg)

222 (88)

226 (84)

0.151

0.70

0.72

80.5

Food groups (g/day)

      

Dairy Products

468 (245)

520 (262)

<0.001

0.55

0.44

72.8

Eggs

20 (10)

21 (11)

0.288

0.39

0.36

96.2

White meat

33 (18)

32 (23)

0.129

0.38

0.37

78.4

Red meat

60 (32)

54 (29)

<0.001

0.40

0.36

68.4

Processed meat

42 (33)

39 (33)

0.034

0.36

0.33

66.8

Lean fish

25 (20)

25 (20)

0.264

0.36

0.36

70.9

Fatty fish

28 (23)

28 (24)

0.857

0.41

0.41

68.6

Seafood

11 (11)

10 (9)

<0.001

0.43

0.40

70.8

Fruits

293 (204)

320 (217)

0.004

0.41

0.38

59.3

Vegetables

216 (121)

213 (126)

0.554

0.61

0.62

59.5

Nuts

6 (11)

5 (7)

0.003

0.23

0.17

79.1

Legumes

31 (25)

28 (23)

0.005

0.39

0.38

93.0

Cereals and Pasta

119 (51)

114 (49)

0.015

0.48

0.43

71.5

Bread

103 (72)

86 (65)

<0.001

0.38

0.35

64.3

Potatoes

60 (38)

55 (37)

0.001

0.39

0.33

66.9

Sweets and sugar

53 (44)

54 (48)

0.438

0.44

0.37

69.5

Vegetable fat

24 (14)

22 (14)

<0.001

0.30

0.30

64.3

  1. a FFQ1 administered between weeks 10–13th and FFQ2 between weeks 28–32nd of gestation; b P-value from paired t-test; c Nutrient crude intakes were log-transformed; d Adjusted for total energy intake; e Overall percentage categorized in the same or an adjacent quintile; f Iodine intake from diet and use of iodized salt; * P>0.05, all other coefficients, P<0.01; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  2. (n=740).