Table 6 The effects of palmvitee supplementation on total white blood cells, lymphocytes, CD3 ⁺ cells, B lymphocyte, in whole blood of nonsmokers and smokers

7.62 ± 1.89

41.96 ± 9.34

3.12 ± 0.77

63.54 ± 7.03

1.99 ± 0.60

10.19 ± 4.06

0.35 ± 0.26

7.29 ± 2.10

42.39 ± 6.12

3.04 ± 0.84

65.96 ± 6.70

2.00 ± 0.56

10.89 ± 3.56

0.33 ± 0.14

7.14 ± 1.53

41.85 ± 8.85

2.94 ± 0.72

64.27 ± 7.12

1.88 ± 0.50

11.00 ± 3.88

0.32 ± 0.12

Non-smokers (palmvitee, n = 29)

8.32 ± 1.55

40.52 ± 6.17

3.36 ± 0.70

62.07 ± 8.02

2.09 ± 0.52

11.97 ± 4.00

0.40 ± 0.13+

8.27 ± 2.08

40.39 ± 6.09

3.33 ± 0.74

62.72 ± 7.60

2.10 ± 0.55

12.45 ± 4.67

0.41 ± 0.16+

8.02 ± 1.50

38.05 ± 5.80+

3.05 ± 0.77

61.66 ± 14.23

1.96 ± 0.55

13.72 ± 4.53+

0.41 ± 0.15+

Smokers (placebo, n = 28)

9.74 ± 2.31

40.44 ± 7.39

3.91 ± 1.14

63.50 ± 7.87

2.47 ± 0.71

15.54 ± 5.06

0.64 ± 0.38

9.38 ± 2.45

40.53 ± 8.20

3.76 ± 1.16

63.82 ± 8.34

2.40 ± 0.65

16.14 ± 4.70

0.59 ± 0.33

8.81 ± 2.30

38.00 ± 8.68

3.30 ± 1.04

66.11 ± 10.78

2.14 ± 0.63

15.25 ± 4.40

0.52 ± 0.29

Smokers (palmvitee, n = 30)

8.43 ± 1.86

39.27 ± 6.20

3.27 ± 0.75

65.77 ± 7.75

2.16 ± 0.69

14.06 ± 3.81

0.45 ± 0.15

8.13 ± 2.29

40.07 ± 7.04

3.19 ± 0.72

66.27 ± 6.59

2.13 ± 0.58

14.30 ± 4.09

0.45 ± 0.16

8.06 ± 2.10

37.68 ± 7.29

3.01 ± 0.88

66.83 ± 7.28

2.02 ± 0.69

14.40 ± 4.03

0.43 ± 0.16