|
Weeks
|
Tocopherol (μg/ml plasma)
|
|---|
| |
Nonsmokers
|
Smokers
|
|---|
| |
Placebo, n = 27
|
Palmvitee, n = 29
|
Placebo, n = 28
|
Palmvitee,n = 30
|
|
0
|
11.67 ± 3.19
|
11.75 ± 2.27
|
11.58 ± 3.19
|
11.39 ± 3.06
|
|
12
|
10.42 ± 2.17
|
14.22 ± 3.61*
|
10.27 ± 3.33
|
13.92 ± 4.17**
|
|
24
|
11.52 ± 2.94
|
14.56 ± 3.06*
|
11.53 ± 2.78
|
14.11 ± 3.89**
|
| | |
Tocotrienol (ng/ml)
| |
|
0
|
62.49 ± 6.69
|
63.60 ± 5.67
|
60.05 ± 6.39
|
59.49 ± 4.21
|
|
12
|
63.50 ± 7.87
|
656.25 ± 142.50*
|
61.27 ± 3.62
|
570.22 ± 98.64**
|
|
24
|
60.65 ± 7.13
|
675.16 ± 150.00*
|
60.47 ± 3.00
|
587.68 ± 87.50**
|
| | |
CCR, (
μg/mg creatinine)
| |
| |
n = 16
|
n = 19
|
n = 21
|
n = 20
|
|
0
|
0.052 ± 0.017
|
0.046 ± 0.017
|
0.927 ± 0.734#
|
0.941 ± 0.700#
|
|
24
|
0.058 ± 0.030
|
0.047 ± 0.017
|
0.866 ± 0.754#
|
1.179 ± 0.738#
|
| | |
α
1
-antitripsin(g/L serum)
| |
| |
n = 16
|
n = 19
|
n = 28
|
n = 30
|
|
0
|
1.48 ± 0.31
|
1.49 ± 0.34
|
1.99 ± 0.43#
|
1.94 ± 0.31#
|
|
24
|
1.47 ± 0.20
|
1.45 ± 0.24
|
1.69 ± 0.37
|
1.75 ± 0.39
|
- Results are shown as mean ± SD. * indicates significant difference as compared to nonsmokers taking placebo (p < 0.01), ** indicates significant difference as compared to smokers taking placebo (p < 0.01), # indicates significant difference as compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.0001), CCR represents cotinine:creatinine ratio.
