Table 1 Characteristics of the studied participants and correlations with dietary fiber intake
| Â | Mean or percentage | Correlation coefficient or odds ratio | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 4,399 | Â | Â |
Dietary fiber intake (g/1,000 kcal) | 7.60 ± 0.03 | - |  |
  Fiber from vegetables (%) | 47.1 ± 0.2 | 0.42* | <0.0001 |
  Fiber from cereals (%) | 22.5 ± 0.2 | −0.60* | <0.0001 |
  Fiber from legumes and beans (%) | 11.8 ± 0.1 | 0.11* | <0.0001 |
  Fiber from fruits (%) | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 0.15* | <0.0001 |
Age (years) | 65.4 ± 0.2 | 0.18* | <0.0001 |
Sex (male, %) | 56.7 | 0.76 [0.74-0.78]# | <0.0001 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.5 ± 0.2 | 0.00* | ns |
Current smoker (%) | 18.3 | 0.79 [0.76-0.82]# | <0.0001 |
Current drinker (%) | 38.8 | 0.77 [0.74-0.79]# | <0.0001 |
Total energy intake (kcal) | 1689 ± 7 | −0.12* | <0.0001 |
Fat intake (g/day) | 52.4 ± 0.3 | 0.09* | <0.0001 |
Saturated fatty acid intake (g/day) | 12.3 ± 0.1 | −0.08* | <0.0001 |
Protein intake (g/day) | 67.3 ± 0.4 | 0.04* | 0.006 |
Leisure-time physical activity (met▪hr/week) | 11.8 ± 0.2 | 0.12* | <0.0001 |
Depressive symptoms (%) | 8.9 | 0.95 [0.90-0.99]# | 0.035 |
Oral hypoglycemic agents (%) | 64.1 | 0.99 [0.96-1.01]# | ns |
Insulin therapy (%) | 27.1 | 0.98 [0.95-1.01]# | ns |