Table 4 Mean daily intake of selected food groups, foods , and nutrients of members of the NLCS-Meat Investigation Cohort by meat consumption status ^a

Energy (kcal)

1985 ± 515

2082 ± 540

1926 ± 548

2042 ± 494

2215 ± 501

<0.001

2018 ± 521

1575 ± 413

1581 ± 427

1571 ± 464

1646 ± 393

1723 ± 395

<0.001

1625 ± 420

Food groups (g/day)

Vegetables

235 ± 100

248 ± 107

207 ± 105

189 ± 83

193 ± 84

<0.001

245 ± 102

225 ± 101

250 ± 103

211 ± 111

195 ± 82

193 ± 81

<0.001

246 ± 101

Fruit

227 ± 156

238 ± 188

177 ± 144

162 ± 120

149 ± 109

<0.001

229 ± 159

252 ± 157

235 ± 145

214 ± 143

193 ± 120

192 ± 119

<0.001

246 ± 143

Pulses

28.0 ± 43.7

27.0 ± 34.2

16.7 ± 23.7

10.1 ± 14.3

8.9 ± 12.2

<0.001

25.8 ± 38.0

17.0 ± 26.9

17.8 ± 27.2

12.3 ± 20.2

7.4 ± 9.4

6.3 ± 9.1

<0.001

16.9 ± 21.8

Grains

18.0 ± 25.4

19.0 ± 26.8

8.4 ± 14.8

2.4 ± 7.2

1.3 ± 4.9

<0.001

16.1 ± 23.1

16.7 ± 20.8

17.3 ± 13.0

7.8 ± 13.0

2.8 ± 6.2

2.0 ± 5.6

<0.001

16.1 ± 19.6

Nuts and seeds

8.3 ± 15.0

12.4 ± 22.4

8.2 ± 16.0

6.9 ± 14.4

8.0 ± 13.6

<0.001

8.6 ± 16.6

6.8 ± 11.7

7.1 ± 9.8

6.1 ± 12.3

4.2 ± 10.1

4.3 ± 8.1

<0.001

7.8 ± 11.9

Soy products

17.7 ± 29.6

19.6 ± 33.1

9.2 ± 23.6

0.9 ± 6.0

0.5 ± 5.6

<0.001

18.2 ± 28.7

14.7 ± 34.6

21.4 ± 17.1

5.6 ± 17.2

0.7 ± 4.6

0.6 ± 5.3

<0.001

16.6 ± 50.4

Meat and fish intake

 Total fresh meat

0

0

16.4 ± 16.7

80.3 ± 32.2

119 ± 39

<0.001

10.4 ± 27.5

0

0

15.4 ± 15.1

73.5 ± 29.7

109 ± 36.1

<0.001

6.7 ± 18.0

 Total fresh red meat

0

0

11.4 ± 12.6

68.9 ± 31.3

107 ± 39

<0.001

7.6 ± 23.6

0

0

9.7 ± 9.6

61.4 ± 28.8

96.0 ± 35.8

<0.001

4.4 ± 13.7

 Beef

0

0

2.8 ± 4.6

20.8 ± 19.2

32.5 ± 26.3

<0.001

2.5 ± 9.9

0

0

2.8 ± 5.3

18.8 ± 17.3

29.4 ± 25.1

<0.001

1.5 ± 5.8

 Pork

0

0

3.9 ± 5.8

27.9 ± 22.7

47.0 ± 30.6

<0.001

2.5 ± 10.1

0

0

2.9 ± 4.6

24.8 ± 20.5

43.0 ± 29.8

<0.001

1.3 ± 6.3

 Minced meat

0

0

3.11 ± 5.6

15.7 ± 14.0

22.1 ± 18.9

<0.001

2.2 ± 7.5

0

0

2.8 ± 4.9

13.9 ± 12.7

19.3 ± 16.8

<0.001

1.2 ± 5.0

 Liver

0

0

0.8 ± 3.7

1.9 ± 4.4

2.3 ± 4.8

<0.001

0.1 ± 0.6

0

0

0.5 ± 1.8

1.7 ± 3.8

1.9 ± 4.2

<0.001

0.2 ± 1.2

 Chicken

0

0

5.6 ± 10.2

12.6 ± 14.3

13.9 ± 15.4

<0.001

2.8 ± 9.6

0

0

6.0 ± 11.6

12.9 ± 14.9

14.1 ± 16.5

<0.001

2.5 ± 8.6

 Processed meat

0

0

4.6 ± 8.8

12.7 ± 14.6

18.1 ± 17.7

<0.001

1.9 ± 7.5

0

0

3.3 ± 8.3

8.4 ± 9.5

11.8 ± 12.4

<0.001

0.9 ± 4.5

 Fish

0

32.0 ± 42.5

18.4 ± 27.2

17.0 ± 20.3

13.0 ± 15.0

<0.001

11.6 ± 23.3

0

23.9 ± 27.1

14.7 ± 23.5

13.8 ± 16.4

10.8 ± 13.1

<0.001

8.6 ± 16.6

Dairy products

356 ± 225

342 ± 244

335 ± 250

304 ± 203

306 ± 212

<0.001

347 ± 232

358 ± 220

341 ± 228

335 ± 233

311 ± 198

295 ± 186

<0.001

356 ± 220

 Fermented milk products

151 ± 151

136 ± 149

125 ± 141

90.5 ± 111

81.7 ± 113

<0.001

144 ± 148

195 ± 167

190 ± 176

157 ± 158

124 ± 131

118 ± 126

<0.001

194 ± 163

 Nonfermented milk products

205 ± 189

205 ± 191

210 ± 216

214 ± 175

225 ± 191

<0.001

203 ± 193

162 ± 171

151 ± 161

177 ± 182

186 ± 157

177 ± 152

<0.001

161 ± 162

 Cheese

42.8 ± 34.9

45.1 ± 34.0

35.9 ± 33.2

24.8 ± 21.0

23.1 ± 20.5

<0.001

40.5 ± 33.2

38.5 ± 24.1

36.0 ± 24.4

31.9 ± 26.2

22.5 ± 17.7

21.5 ± 17.3

<0.001

37.0 ± 26.1

Eggs

14.4 ± 14.1

16.3 ± 13.6

14.0 ± 12.6

16.5 ± 11.1

17.4 ± 13.0

<0.001

15.0 ± 12.8

13.1 ± 13.1

14.0 ± 11.3

14.0 ± 12.9

14.8 ± 9.2

14.7 ± 10.1

<0.001

14.4 ± 11.9

Alcohol

4.3 ± 8.3

11.7 ± 18.5

8.6 ± 13.3

12.4 ± 14.4

16.1 ± 17.4

<0.001

6.8 ± 11.0

2.0 ± 5.5

4.5 ± 8.9

3.7 ± 8.3

5.6 ± 9.1

6.2 ± 10.2

<0.001

3.1 ± 7.0

Nutrients (energy percent)

Fat total

40.7 ± 12.9

38.6 ± 13.4

44. 6 ± 17.9

43.3 ± 12.6

40.6 ± 11.0

<0.001

40.5 ± 12.5

41.8 ± 17.2

40.4 ± 16.3

43.7 ± 17.5

42.2 ± 12.5

41.3 ± 11.3

<0.001

40.2 ± 14.3

 Mono unstaturated fat

13.5 ± 5.1

13.0 ± 5.2

15.6 ± 6.9

16.0 ± 5.1

15.5 ± 4.5

<0.001

13.7 ± 4.9

13.8 ± 6.6

13.5 ± 6.2

15.0 ± 6.6

15.5 ± 5.0

15.6 ± 4.6

<0.001

13.4 ± 5.4

 Polyunsaturated fat

9.3 ± 4.4

9.5 ± 4.0

10.0 ± 5.2

9.5 ± 4.1

8.2 ± 3.7

<0.001

9.2 ± 4.0

8.9 ± 4.8

9.1 ± 4.8

9.6 ± 5.3

8.8 ± 4.2

8.1 ± 3.6

<0.001

8.7 ± 4.3

 Saturated fat

16.3 ± 5.8

15.5 ± 6.0

17.7 ± 7.0

16.8 ± 5.2

15.9 ± 4.7

<0.001

16.1 ± 5.6

17.4 ± 7.2

16.3 ± 6.6

17.9 ± 7.4

17.0 ± 5.3

16.6 ± 4.9

<0.001

16.5 ± 6.2

Protein total

15.4 ± 4.2

15.9 ± 5.2

16.2 ± 5.7

15.4 ± 4.6

14.7 ± 4.2

<0.001

15.8 ± 4.4

16.4 ± 5.1

17.4 ± 5.8

16.5 ± 5.6

16.3 ± 4.9

16.4 ± 4.7

0.05

16.4 ± 4.7

 Plant protein

8.7 ± 2.6

8.3 ± 3.2

7.8 ± 3.0

6.0 ± 1.8

5.2 ± 1.6

<0.001

8.4 ± 2.8

8.2 ± 2.8

8.5 ± 3.9

7.3 ± 2.8

5.8 ± 1.8

5.3 ± 1.6

<0.001

8.0 ± 2.7

 Animal protein

6.8 ± 3.2

7.6 ± 3.8

8.5 ± 3.9

9.5 ± 3.4

9.7 ± 3.2

<0.001

7.4 ± 3.5

8.2 ± 3.9

9.0 ± 3.9

9.3 ± 4.0

10.6 ± 3.7

11.3 ± 3.7

<0.001

8.5 ± 3.7

 Plant:animal ratio

42.0 ± 584

1.5 ± 1.5

1.1 ± 0.8

0.7 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.2

<0.001

22.5 ± 421

1.4 ± 4.1

0.8 ± 10.2

0.9 ± 1.3

0.6 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.2

<0.001

1.2 ± 2.7

Carbohydrates total

57.8 ± 15.7

52.5 ± 16.0

57.7 ± 20.7

48.9 ± 14.0

42.0 ± 12.0

<0.001

55.0 ± 15.4

56.0 ± 17.3

55.0 ± 18.1

54.9 ± 19.2

47.3 ± 12.6

42.7 ± 11.6

<0.001

53.0 ± 15.3

 Mono- disacharides

27.8 ± 10.4

22.4 ± 9.0

25.9 ± 12.0

22.6 ± 8.6

19.4 ± 7.8

<0.001

23.7 ± 9.4

25.9 ± 10.3

24.9 ± 10.7

25.8 ± 11.2

22.6 ± 7.7

20.3 ± 7.4

<0.001

24.5 ± 9.4

 Polysacharides

31.9 ± 8.6

28.7 ± 9.90

31.2 ± 11.6

26.1 ± 8.1

22.5 ± 6.9

<0.001

30.1 ± 8.8

29.0 ± 9.8

28.9 ± 9.9

28.7 ± 10.9

24.7 ± 7.6

22.4 ± 6.7

<0.001

27.5 ± 8.5