Table 1 Age-adjusted odds ratios of demographic, medical history and clinical factors in obese children at any time before age 21 within the cohort of premature born babies

Maternal demographics

Age (odds per 1 SD age increase)

1

0.96

1.1

0.341

Race (compared with odds among Hispanic _{(n = 49)} )

White _{(n = 51)}

0.76

0.3

1.9

0.560

Black _{(n = 11)}

0.61

0.11

3.2

0.570

Marital status (comparison of odds with being single _{(n = 42)} )

Married _{(n = 65)}

1.05

0.46

2.41

0.900

Divorced _{(n = 6)}

1.8

0.32

11

0.491

Married _{(n = 83)} (v. never-married _{(n = 77)})

0.64

0.22

1.9

0.416

Currently single _{(n = 42)} (v. no single _{( n= 118)})

1.4

0.48

4.3

0.516

Maternal health status

Smoking _{(n = 32)} (v. non-smoking_{(n = 128)})

0.76

0.29

1.98

0.58

Hypertension _{(n = 20)} (v. no reported hypertension _{(n = 19)})

0.55

0.14

2.1

0.391

Diabetes _{(n = 47)} (v. no diabetes _{(n = 113)})

1.13

0.41

3.1

0.810

Neonatal metrics

Length of gestation (days) (risk odds per 1 SD increase in length of gestation)

1.6

1.1

2.4

0.017

Weight according gestational age (comparison of odds among average, AGA _{(n = 124)} )

Small for gestational age, SGA _{(n = 23)}

0.47

0.13

169

0.250

Large for gestational age, LGA _{(n = 13)}

1.4

0.40

4.84

0.600

Categorized gestational weight (comparison of odds with among normal BW (NBW _{(n = 36)} )

Extremely low birth weight, ELBW _{(n = 18)}

0.17

0.02

1.52

0.114

Very low birth weight, VLBW _{(n = 19)}

0.10

0.28

3.53

1.00

Low birth weight, LBW _{(n = 87)}

1.03

0.42

2.5

0.950

Birth weight (odds per 1 SD of increase BMI)

3.2

1.7

5.7

0.001

Gender (male _{n = 95} v. female _{n = 65})

1.9

0.68

5.2

0.225

Feeding status (comparison of odds among the exclusively breast fed _{(n = 15)} )

Formula _{(n = 67)}

1.6

0.03

1

0.056

Combination breast/formula _{(n = 67)}

0.44

0.07

2.8

0.387

Catheters in NICU

Umbilical artery catheter _{(n = 27)}

0.92

0.28

3.1

0.89

Umbilical venous catheter _{(n = 41)}

0.6

0.19

1.9

0.379

Clinical parameters

Age (odds per 1 SD age increase)

3.4

2.4

4.6

0.001

Height (odds per 1 SD hight increase)

12

2.6

53

0.001

Systolic blood pressure (odds per 1 SD increase of BMI)

2.4

1.7

3.3

0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (odds per 1 SD increase of BMI)

1.4

1.1

1.9

0.021