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Table 2 Socio-demographic characteristics, FFQ-derived estimates and nutritional biomarkers of participants enrolled in the validation study by sex

From: Use of food frequency questionnaire to assess relationships between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors in NESCAV study: validation with biomarkers

Characteristics

Women (n =452)

Men (n =470)

 

No.

%

Median [P25; P75]

No.

%

Median [P25; P75]

P-value

Age. years

      

NS

 18-29

82

18.1

 

78

16.6

  

 30-49

193

42.7

 

207

44.04

  

 50-69

177

39.2

 

185

39.4

  

Education

      

0.028

 No superior diploma

230

50.9

 

273

58.1

  

 Superior diploma

222

49.1

 

197

41.9

  

Obesea

78

17.3

 

94

20.04

 

NS

Smokers

104

23.01

 

130

27.66

 

NS

Use of supplement

       

 Vitamin B12

3

0.66

 

7

1.49

 

NS

 Vitamin B9

9

1.91

 

8

1.77

 

NS

 Vitamin E

10

2.21

 

9

1.91

 

NS

 Vitamin D

77

17.04

 

34

7.23

 

<0.0001

 Iron

8

1.77

 

7

1.49

 

NS

 Iodine

5

1.11

 

7

1.49

 

NS

 β-carotene

5

1.11

 

2

0.43

 

NS

FFQ-estimated daily dietary intake

       

 Food groups

       

 Fruits (g/day)

  

145.2 [49.3; 299.2 ]

  

91.2 [19.6; 252.2]

0.0002

 Vegetables (g/day)

  

51.8 [25.1; 103.4 ]

  

35.9 [18.4; 72.1]

<0.0001

 Fruits and vegetables (g/day)

  

211.8 [108.7; 383.2 ]

  

163.8 [67.07; 308.9 ]

<0.0001

Micro-nutrients

       

 Vitamin B12 (μg)

  

4.7 [3.4; 6.3]

  

6 [4.5; 8.1]

<0.0001

 Vitamin B9 (μg)

  

315.8 [246.6; 407.2]

  

358 [286.2; 451.4]

<0.0001

 Vitamin E (mg)

  

12.6 [10; 16.6]

  

14.1 [11; 18.9]

0.0006

 Vitamin D (μg)

  

2.8 [1.4; 6]

  

2.8 [1.6; 4.8]

NS

 Iron (mg)

  

13.4 [10.7; 16.2]

  

16.1 [13.5; 19.8]

<0.0001

 Iodine (μg)

  

127 [100.3; 170.7]

  

146.3 [119.2; 197.6]

<0.0001

 β-carotene (μg)

  

3818.6 [2597.6; 5464.4]

  

3655.4 [2334.6; 5392]

0.04

 Sodium (mg)

  

3399.1 [2707.4; 4090.7]

  

4326.68 [3418.8; 5343]

<0.0001

Blood levels of biomarkers

       

 B12 (pg/ml)

  

391.8 [302.1; 530]

  

409.75 [326.8; 514.9]

NS

 Serum folates (ng/ml)

  

7.8 [6.2; 10.2]

  

7.16 [5.6; 9.7]

0.015

 Erythrocyte folates (ng/ml)

  

586.7 [509.6; 676.7]

  

589 [503; 705.4]

NS

 25-OH Vitamine D (ng/ml)

  

22.1 [15.4; 29.1]

  

17.6 [11.9; 25]

<0.0001

 α-tocopherol (mg/L)

  

12.8 [10.8; 15.4]

  

12.4 [10.4; 14.9]

NS

 Iron (μmol/L)

  

17.6 [13.7; 22]

  

19.1 [15.3; 23.9]

0.0004

 Ferritin (ng/ml)

  

69.9 [37.7; 129.2]

  

199.1 [121.2; 326.5]

<0.0001

 Transferrin (g/L)

  

2.8 [2.5; 3.1]

  

2.6 [2.4; 2.9]

<0.0001

 Iode/Creatinine ratio (μg/g creat)

 

70 [51; 105]

  

72 [53; 97]

NS

 Urine sodium (mmol/L)

  

113 [81; 154]

  

134 [100; 166.1]

<0.0001

 β-carotene (mg/L)

  

0.23 [0.12; 0.37]

  

0.15 [0.08; 0.24]

<0.0001

  1. aObesity was defined as a body mass index (weight(kg)/height(m)2) ≥ 30.
  2. NS: Not significant.
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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