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Table 4 Calcium-fiber interplay in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC)

From: Does dietary calcium interact with dietary fiber against colorectal cancer? A case–control study in Central Europe

Fiber

Calcium

<1000 mg/d

1000-2000 mg/d

>2000 mg/d

<6 g/d

1 (ref.)

CRC: 0.55 (0.38-0.78)

CRC: 0.39 (0.22-0.71)

CC: 0.47 (0.29-0.74)

CC: 0.28 (0.13-0.62)

RC: 0.65 (0.41-1.01)

RC: 0.54 (0.26-1.12)

6-8 g/d

CRC: 0.58 (0.34-0.99)

CRC: 0.42 (0.24-0.73)

CRC: 0.30 (0.15-0.61)

CC: 0.60 (0.31-1.19)

CC: 0.36 (0.18-0.74)

CC: 0.22 (0.09-0.55)

RC: 0.60 (0.31-1.17)

RC: 0.50 (0.25-1.02)

RC: 0.42 (0.17-1.03)

>8 g/d

CRC: 0.44 (0.20-0.98)

CRC: 0.32 (0.14-0.71)

CRC: 0.23 (0.09-0.56)

CC: 0.47 (0.17-1.30)

CC: 0.28 (0.10-0.78)

CC: 0.17 (0.05-0.54)

  

RC: 0.47 (0.17-1.30)

RC: 0.39 (0.14-1.07)

RC: 0.32 (0.10-1.02)

  1. Stratum specified odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for multivariable logistic regression* which include interaction terms between the exposure (calcium intake) and effect modifier (fiber intake).
  2. *- adjusted for age [years], gender, education, fish consumption [servings/week], fruit, raw and cooked vegetable consumption [servings/day], fiber [g/day], vitamin C [mg/day], dietary iron [<=14,03 mg/day; >14,03 mg/day], alcohol consumption [g/week], adult lifetime recreational physical activity [METs-h/week], BMI [kg/m2], smoking [current, ex-smokers, non-smokers], taking mineral supplements [yes/no].