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Table 3 Calcium intake and odds ratio for colorectal cancer, colon cancer and rectal cancer

From: Does dietary calcium interact with dietary fiber against colorectal cancer? A case–control study in Central Europe

Dietary calcium

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

OR

95% CI

P

Colorectal cancer

For 100 mg/day increase

0.95

0.92-0.98

<0.001

0.95

0.92-0.98

0.001

0.95

0.92-0.99

0.014

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.58

0.44-0.78

<0.001

0.61

0.45-0.82

0.001

0.63

0.44-0.91

0.014

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.65

0.50-0.85

0.002

0.66

0.50-0.87

0.003

0.70

0.51-0.96

0.025

Dietary fiber <6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.97

0.94-1.01

0.174

0.98

0.95-1.02

0.411

0.96

0.92-1.01

0.093

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.78

0.54-1.12

0.174

0.86

0.59-1.24

0.411

0.69

0.44-1.06

0.093

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.85

0.60-1.23

0.409

0.91

0.63-1.32

0.628

0.87

0.59-1.30

0.508

Dietary fiber > =6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.91

0.85-0.97

0.003

0.91

0.85-0.97

0.005

0.91

0.84-0.98

0.013

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.38

0.20-0.73

0.003

0.39

0.20-0.76

0.005

0.38

0.18-0.81

0.013

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.54

0.33-0.87

0.011

0.54

0.33-0.88

0.013

0.48

0.27-0.85

0.012

Colon cancer

For 100 mg/day increase

0.95

0.91-0.98

0.004

0.95

0.91-0.98

0.006

0.93

0.89-0.98

0.007

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.58

0.40-0.84

0.004

0.58

0.40-0.85

0.006

0.50

0.31-0.83

0.007

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

1 (ref.)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.58

0.40-0.83

0.003

0.59

0.41-0.85

0.005

0.54

0.35-0.83

0.005

Dietary fiber <6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.98

0.93-1.02

0.273

0.98

0.94-1.03

0.405

0.94

0.89-0.998

0.042

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.78

0.50-1.22

0.273

0.82

0.52-1.30

0.405

0.55

0.31-0.98

0.042

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.76

0.47-1.22

0.248

0.82

0.50-1.34

0.428

0.72

0.43-1.23

0.232

Dietary fiber > =6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.90

0.83-0.98

0.014

0.90

0.82-0.98

0.020

0.88

0.79-0.98

0.022

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.34

0.15-0.81

0.014

0.33

0.13-0.84

0.020

0.28

0.10-0.83

0.022

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.47

0.25-0.88

0.019

0.46

0.24-0.90

0.022

0.37

0.18-0.79

0.010

Rectal cancer

For 100 mg/day increase

0.95

0.92-0.99

0.006

0.96

0.92-0.99

0.016

0.97

0.93-1.02

0.233

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.61

0.43-0.87

0.006

0.65

0.45-0.92

0.016

0.77

0.49-1.19

0.233

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.72

0.52-1.00

0.053

0.73

0.52-1.02

0.064

0.85

0.58-1.25

0.414

Dietary fiber <6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.98

0.94-1.02

0.308

0.99

0.95-1.03

0.601

0.97

0.93-1.03

0.330

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.80

0.52-1.23

0.308

0.89

0.57-1.38

0.601

0.77

0.46-1.29

0.330

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.96

0.62-1.48

0.844

0.99

0.63-1.54

0.951

0.95

0.59-1.53

0.826

Dietary fiber > =6 g/day

For 100 mg/day increase

0.92

0.85-0.996

0.039

0.92

0.85-1.00

0.051

0.91

0.83-1.01

0.066

For 1000 mg/day increase

0.43

0.19-0.96

0.039

0.45

0.20-1.004

0.051

0.41

0.16-1.06

0.066

<= 1000 mg/day

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

1 (ref)

  

>1000 mg/day

0.61

0.33-1.11

0.107

0.62

0.34-1.15

0.128

0.57

0.27-1.20

0.138

  1. Model 1 –univariable logistic regression.
  2. Model 2 –adjusted for age, gender, education.
  3. Model 3 –adjusted for covariates from Model 2 and fish consumption [servings/week], fruit, raw and cooked vegetable consumption [servings/day], fiber [g/day], vitamin C [mg/day], dietary iron [<=14,03 mg/day; >14,03 mg/day], alcohol consumption [g/week], adult lifetime recreational physical activity [METs-h/week], BMI [kg/m2], smoking [current, ex-smokers, non-smokers], taking mineral supplements [yes/no].