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Table 5 Dietary plus physical activity

From: Weight management interventions in adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence

Study/ Location/ Type

Participants

Intervention

Follow up

Results

Marshall 2003 [27] UK Community Uncontrolled quasi-experimental study

Total n = 25 Weight status: 12% obese, 32% very obese, 36% overweight, 20% normal weight and underweight Gender: 68% males, 32% females Age (years): 30-39 (60%), 12% in their 40s, 12% in their 50s, 12% >60 ID: Down’s syndrome (32%)Attrition/drop out: one

Duration: 6 weekly group sessions (2 hr each) led by nurses. Diet: healthy eating. Activity: advice to be active Maintenance: none reported

6 weeks

(n = 20 Overweight and obese participants) Mean weight change, kg: -3.4 (p < 0.001) bMean BMI change, kg/m2:-1.6

Bradley 2005 [28]UKCommunityUncontrolled quasi-experimental study

Total n = 9 Weight status: 8 out of 9 obese Gender: all females Age (years): over 18 ID: not reported Attrition/drop out: none

Duration: 12 months of 34 group sessions (90 min to 2 hr each) led by a dietitian. Diet: information on healthy balanced diet. Food preparation and supermarket visits included. Activity: insufficient information.Maintenance: none reported

12 months

(n = 7) Mean weight change, kg: -6.2 (range: 2.2 to -15.5)Mean BMI change, kg/m2: -3

Chapman 2005, 2008 [29, 30] UK Community Quasi-experimental study with a comparison group

Gender: 43% women, 57% men(a) Intervention group:n = 38

Weight status: 97% obese and overweight|Age (years)a: 37.13 (8.75) ID: not reportedAttrition rate (1-6 years): 13% (b) No intervention group: n = 50 Weight status: 64% obese and overweight Age (years)a: 43.32 (10.97) Attrition rate (1-6 years): 13% for (a), 20% for (b).

(a) Individual sessions led by physiotherapist. Diet: advice (no details reported). Activity: designed activity programme. Carers were involved in the improvement of lifestyle.Maintenance: none reported(b) No input

6 months

(a) Mean BMI change, kg/m2: -0.32b

(b) Mean BMI change, kg/m2: +0.35, (p < 0.05)

12 months

(a) Mean weight change, kg: -1.52b Mean BMI change, kg/m2: -0.61 (p < 0.05) 42% reached > 1.6 kg weight loss

(b) Mean BMI change, kg/m2:+0.41 (p < 0.05)

6 years

(a) (n = 40), Mean BMI change, kg/m2:-1.02, Mean weight change, kg: -2.42 (range: -28.13 to 14.49, SD 9.15).

(b) (n = 33), Mean BMI change, kg/m2: +0.16Mean weight change, kg: +0.61 (range: -18.62 to 16.37, SD 8.81)

  1. adata are mean values (SD).
  2. brange not reported.