Food consumption patterns and associated factors among Vietnamese women of reproductive age

Nguyen, Phuong H; Strizich, Garrett; Lowe, Alyssa; Nguyen, Hieu; Pham, Hoa; Truong, Truong V; Nguyen, Son; Martorell, Reynaldo; Ramakrishnan, Usha

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-126

Nutrition Journal

Table 3 Energy and macronutrient intakes by demographic and socioeconomic status

From: Food consumption patterns and associated factors among Vietnamese women of reproductive age

	Total energy (Kcal)			% Energy from carbohydrate		% Energy from fat		% Energy from protein
	n	Mean ± SD	p-value^a	Mean ± SD	p- value	Mean ± SD	p- value	Mean ± SD	p- value
*Overall*	4920	2196 ± 650		65.5 ± 7.2		19.5 ± 5.6		14.8 ± 2.1
Participant characteristics
*Age of woman*
<=25	2393	2214 ± 658	0.03	65.8 ± 7.2	0.02	19.2 ± 5.6	0.01	14.8 ± 2.1	0.25
26-30	1688	2196 ± 644		65.2 ± 7.1		19.7 ± 5.5		14.8 ± 2.0
>30	836	2146 ± 637		65.3 ± 7.6		19.6 ± 5.9		14.7 ± 2.1
*Ethnicity*
Kinh	2489	2184 ± 648	0.17	65.2 ± 7.1	0.002	19.7 ± 5.5	0.001	14.8 ± 2.0	0.38
Minority	2429	2209 ± 652		65.8 ± 7.4		19.2 ± 5.7		14.8 ± 2.1
*Occupation*
Other	952	2252 ± 662	0.003	62.0 ± 6.7	<0.001	21.8 ± 5.2	<0.001	15.9 ± 2.0	<0.001
Farmer	3968	2183 ± 646		66.4 ± 7.1		18.9 ± 5.6		14.5 ± 2.0
*Education (Highest grade completed)*
0-5	404	2085 ± 658	0.001	68.4 ± 8.0	<0.001	17.3 ± 6.1	<0.001	14.0 ± 2.3	<0.001
6-9	2693	2194 ± 647		66.1 ± 7.0		19.1 ± 5.5		14.6 ± 2.0
10-12	1234	2214 ± 646		65.0 ± 7.0		19.8 ± 5.4		15.0 ± 2.1
College or higher	589	2248 ± 658		62.1 ± 6.9		21.7 ± 5.3		15.8 ± 2.1
Household characteristics
*Food insecurity status*
Moderate or severe	927	2064 ± 639	<0.001	67.9 ± 7.2	<0.001	17.7 ± 5.8	<0.001	14.2 ± 2.1	<0.001
Mild	611	2119 ± 624		66.4 ± 6.9		19.1 ± 5.6		14.4 ± 2.0
Secure	3382	2246 ± 651		64.7 ± 7.1		20.0 ± 5.5		15.0 ± 2.0
*Socioeconomic status quintile*
Poorest	982	2098 ± 668	<0.001	67.8 ± 7.6	<0.001	17.8 ± 5.9	<0.001	14.0 ± 2.1	<0.001
Poorer	985	2157 ± 620		66.9 ± 6.9		18.6 ± 5.5		14.4 ± 1.9
Middle	982	2168 ± 623		66.1 ± 6.7		19.1 ± 5.3		14.6 ± 1.9
Richer	979	2223 ± 632		64.5 ± 6.9		20.1 ± 5.4		15.1 ± 1.9
Richest	982	2341 ± 677		62.3 ± 6.7		21.6 ± 5.2		15.8 ± 2.0

^aP-values are based on student T-test and ANOVA test.

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