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Table 2 Energy and macronutrient consumption from food groups

From: Food consumption patterns and associated factors among Vietnamese women of reproductive age

 

Energy (% of total)

Energy (Kcal)

Carbohydrate (g)

Fat (g)

Protein (g)

Median (IQR range)

Median (IQR range)

Median (IQR range)

Median (IQR range)

Median (IQR range)

Cereals and starchy vegetables

62.6% (54.4% - 70.5%)

1317 (1079–1563)

289.9 (237.2 - 343.3)

4.0 (3.2 - 5.1)

30.0 (24.5 - 35.4)

Pulses, nuts, and seeds

5.0% (2.8% - 8.3%)

105 (52–196)

3.9 (1.8 - 7.3)

6.1 (2.7 - 12.3)

7.9 (4.3 - 13.6)

Vegetables

2.7% (1.8% - 3.7%)

56 (36–86)

8.2 (5.1 - 12.6)

0.2 (0.1 - 0.3)

5.4 (3.2 - 8.3)

Fruits

5.0% (2.9% - 7.6%)

107 (56–179)

23.8 (12.4 - 39.8)

0.1 (0.0 - 0.2)

2.6 (1.4 - 4.3)

Oils, lard, and butter

3.8% (2.3% - 6.2%)

78 (49–132)

0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)

8.6 (5.4 - 14.7)

0.0 (0.0 - 0.0)

Meat and meat products

9.2% (6.3% - 12.7%)

198 (121–297)

0.0 (0.0 - 0.1)

14.0 (8.5 - 21.3)

17.7 (10.8 - 26.6)

Fish and shellfish

0.6% (0.3% - 1.2%)

13 (5–26)

0.0 (0.0 - 0.3)

0.3 (0.1 - 0.6)

2.4 (1.0 - 4.9)

Eggs

2.3% (1.2% - 3.7%)

50 (23–83)

0.2 (0.1 - 0.6)

3.5 (1.7 - 6.0)

3.9 (2.0 - 6.8)

Milk and dairy

0.3% (0.0% - 1.4%)

6 (0–34)

0.3 (0.0 - 2.1)

0.3 (0.0 - 2.1)

0.3 (0.0 - 1.9)

Sugar, sweets, condiments, and beverages

2.4% (1.2% - 4.1%)

50 (23–96)

9.9 (4.0 - 20.0)

0.0 (0.0 - 0.3)

1.6 (0.9 - 2.6)

Overall (median & IQR)

 

2107 (1739–2579)

345.6 (288.4 - 415.3)

44.8 (32.0 - 61.9)

78.3 (61.1 - 99.1)

Overall (mean & SD)

 

2196 ± 650

356.1 ± 98.3

48.7 ± 22.9

82.0 ± 29.0

Estimated Energy Requirement a

NA

1810 ± 97

NA

NA

NA

Percent insufficient intake b

 

0.5

56.5

0.5

Percent in optimal range

 

44.9

42.8

99.5

Percent excessive intake

 

54.6

0.7

0

  1. aEstimated energy requirement (EER) for women was calculated based on the formula suggested by IOM [17]: EER = 354 - (6.91 × age[y]) + PA × [(9.36 × weight[kg]) + (726 × height[m])], where PA (physical activity coefficient) = 1.27 for farmers and 1.12 for other occupations.
  2. bInsufficient and excessive intake levels were defined based on the following Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs): protein, 10-35%; fat, 20-35%, carbohydrate, 45-65% of total energy.