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Table 4 Changes in BIA and physical activity parameters at 6 months, by level of immunodeficiency at study entry (baseline)

From: Impact of nutritional supplementation on immune response, body mass index and bioelectrical impedance in HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy

Percentage change at 6 months from baseline, by CD4 count

 

Nutritional supplement

Control

Parameter

Baseline

6 months

% change*

Baseline

6 months

% change

p value

< 100 cells/mm 3

N = 13

  

N = 9

   

Fat Free Mass (FFM; kg)

37.4 (34.2 – 43.2)

41.2 (35.6 – 51.7)

14.1 (1.6 – 19.2)

41.7 (39.1 – 47.1)

40.2 (35.7 – 42.9)

3.9 (−11.0 – 7.3)

0.811

Total Body Water (TBW; kg)

26.8 (23.5 – 31.4)

29.4 (24.9 – 36.8)

10.9 (2.5 – 21.1)

29.5 (26.5 – 36.3)

28.5 (25.2 – 30.9)

1.4 (−18.5 – 15.1)

0.806

Intracellular Water (ICW; kg)

14.3 (12.5 – 18.4)

16.6 (13.7 – 21.5)

13.6 (2.0 – 21.5)

16.8 (14.7 – 18.9)

15.8 (13.9 – 17.5)

1.6 (−18.0 – 15.7)

0.804

Extracellular Water (ECW; kg)

11.4 (10.6 – 14.1)

12.9 (11.5 – 15.4)

7.8 (3.0 – 19.9)

13.2 (11.3 – 17.2)

12.4 (11.6 – 14.2)

0.6 (−20.5 – 14.3)

0.805

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

1264 (1205 – 1393)

1291 (1229 – 1520)

4.1 (2.4 – 9.2)

1348 (1285 – 1379)

1349 (1255 – 1403)

2.4 (−0.4 – 9.2)

0.179

Physical activity score

15.0 (14.0 – 20.0)

11.0 (10.5 – 12.5)

−38.7 (−51.1 – -22.5)

14.0 (13.0 – 16.0)

11.5 (10.5 – 16.0)

−8.9 (−25.9 – 9.8)

0.028

≥ 100 cells/mm 3

N = 6

  

N = 10

   

Fat Free Mass (FFM; kg)

42.0 (25.5 – 42.8)

42.5 (36.3 – 44.2)

17.4 (5.0 – 29.8)

42.3 (37.8 – 50.0)

39.8 (35.5 – 52.4)

−5.4 (−15.3 – -0.8)

0.025

Total Body Water (TBW; kg)

30.1 (19.1 – 30.4)

24.0 (12.0 – 32.7)

13.7 (7.0 – 20.4)

30.8 (25.0 – 36.5)

27.3 (24.2 – 38.6)

−8.2 (−18.7 – 0.4)

0.143

Intracellular Water (ICW; kg)

16.0 (9.6 – 16.7)

15.9 (13.2 – 16.8)

16.0 (4.8 – 27.3)

18.6 (15.0 – 21.3)

16.8 (12.6 – 22.9)

−7.9 (−18.3 – -2.2)

0.016

Extracellular Water (ECW; kg)

13.4 (9.5 – 14.4)

14.6 (10.8 – 15.9)

10.7 (9.4 – 12. 0)

12.0 (10.7 – 15.8)

11.6 (10.5 – 15.6)

−3.2 (−19.9 – 0.9)

0.015

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

1292 (1092 – 1345)

1418 (1226 – 1441)

8.0 (5.1 – 10.9)

1379 (1205 – 1471)

1365 (1190 – 1512)

−0.8 (−1.6 – 1.2)

0.040

Physical activity score

19.5 (16.0 – 28.0)

13.0 (12.0 – 16.0)

−36.8 (−53.6 – 33.3)

13.5 (12.0 – 17.0)

11.0 (10.0 – 18.0)

−20.0 (−23.1 – 10.0)

0.630

  1. *Median (IQR) of the differences (% change) between baseline and 6 months. The percentage change was compared between the two arms, nutritional supplement and Control arm.