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Table 6 Serum concentrations of amino acids at baseline and changes after 4 wk and 8 wk of intervention with LPI and MPI

From: Lupin protein positively affects plasma LDL cholesterol and LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio in hypercholesterolemic adults after four weeks of supplementation: a randomized, controlled crossover study

  

LPI

MPI

  
  

Changes from baseline

Changes from baseline

P a

P a

Amino acid (μmol/L)

Baseline

wk 4

wk 8

wk 4

wk 8

wk 4

wk 8

Alanine

425.0 ± 147.6

−1.1 ± 98.2

1.8 ± 132.2

45.1 ± 102.0*

2.6 ± 121.8

0.022

0.96

Arginine

96.2 ± 30.3

1.0 ± 24.7

9.0 ± 28.4

4.6 ± 28.3

3.1 ± 29.8

0.43

0.18

Asparagine

48.9 ± 13.9

2.8 ± 16.0

7.2 ± 16.3*

7.8 ± 12.5***

3.1 ± 12.1

0.08

0.09

Aspartateb

19.6 ± 8.9

−4.0 ± 10.5*

−6.2 ± 7.5***

−1.1 ± 8.5

−6.8 ± 8.9***

0.22

0.56

Cystine

65.2 ± 18.5

−3.3 ± 12.5

1.9 ± 16.0

2.2 ± 12.4

1.4 ± 15.9

0.025

0.81

Glutamine

623.7 ± 169.6

−22.7 ± 105.8

14.2 ± 132.0

30.6 ± 132.1

19.0 ± 150.4

0.026

0.84

Glutamateb

55.5 ± 27.8

−9.3 ± 25.2*

−14.6 ± 20.3**

3.3 ± 28.9

−15.1 ± 22.0**

0.038

0.89

Glycine

246.1 ± 82.4

−14.5 ± 50.5

−10.6 ± 63.8

0.8 ± 58.1

−13.4 ± 66.8

0.17

0.76

Histidine

90.5 ± 26.1

−4.9 ± 19.0

6.9 ± 21.5

8.2 ± 21.6

3.5 ± 23.3

0.001

0.24

Isoleucine

63.5 ± 32.0

3.2 ± 28.2

4.2 ± 27.6

13.4 ± 31.3*

2.9 ± 28.3

0.014

0.70

Leucine

145.2 ± 48.4

0.9 ± 40.9

7.0 ± 39.6

24.5 ± 48.1**

6.4 ± 41.8

0.002

0.91

Lysine

200.2 ± 57.2

−8.4 ± 50.7

9.8 ± 53.3

29.7 ± 58.0**

18.0 ± 58.4

0.0001

0.29

Methionine

22.9 ± 7.8

−1.9 ± 7.1

0.4 ± 7.4

3.8 ± 8.3*

0.5 ± 7.8

< 0.0001

0.96

Phenylalanine

66.8 ± 16.4

−1.4 ± 15.8

1.7 ± 18.5

8.4 ± 18.0*

1.6 ± 18.4

0.003

0.98

Prolineb

169.7 ± 99.9

18.8 ± 112.9

24.5 ± 101.0

81.8 ± 184.1**

39.7 ± 117.2

0.007

0.31

Serineb

112.4 ± 35.6

−9.8 ± 29.2

−3.8 ± 30.8

5.1 ± 28.9

−4.6 ± 27.0

0.042

0.87

Threonineb

132.5 ± 49.7

−6.0 ± 35.8

2.2 ± 39.7

14.6 ± 37.1

7.7 ± 40.8

0.013

0.38

Tryptophan

76.0 ± 27.7

−7.3 ± 25.2

9.4 ± 44.9

4.8 ± 28.6

−1.3 ± 28.2

0.010

0.13

Tyrosine

75.2 ± 22.8

−0.5 ± 18.8

4.2 ± 21.3

16.0 ± 27.7**

4.3 ± 19.0

0.002

0.98

Valine

243.5 ± 87.3

−3.8 ± 75.8

13.4 ± 64.5

45.6 ± 78.1**

24.6 ± 79.2

0.0004

0.29

EAA

1041.1 ± 313.0

−29.5 ± 261.3

54.9 ± 254.4

153.2 ± 302.9**

63.8 ± 297.5

0.0003

0.79

Non-EAA

1937.4 ± 507.4

−42.3 ± 382.2

27.7 ± 458.8

196.2 ± 478.1*

33.2 ± 458.2

0.005

0.93

BCAA

452.2 ± 165.4

0.3 ± 142.1

24.6 ± 126.8

83.6 ± 154.7**

33.9 ± 145.3

0.001

0.62

Lysine:arginine ratio

2.16 ± 0.55

−0.14 ± 0.32*

−0.04 ± 0.28

0.17 ± 0.35**

0.10 ± 0.34

0.0004

0.16

  1. Values are presented as means ± standard deviation, n = 33.
  2. Abbreviation: LPI lupin protein isolate, MPI milk protein isolate, EAA essential amino acids, Non-EAA non-essential essential amino acids, BCAA branched chained amino acids.
  3. a P-value is for differences between treatments at wk 4 or at wk 8 determined by repeated measures ANOVA.
  4. b Data were not normally distributed and/or had heterogeneous variances, and thus were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model.
  5. *, **, *** Significant differences comparing wk 4 and wk 8 with baseline determined by repeated measures ANOVA (* P ≤ 0.050, ** P ≤ 0.010, *** P ≤ 0.001).
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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