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Table 1 Prevalence rates of obesity according to covariables in Ribeirao Preto and Sao Luis, Brazil

From: Cesarean section and increased body mass index in school children: two cohort studies from distinct socioeconomic background areas in Brazil

Variables*

Ribeirao Preto

Sao Luis

Total

Obese

 

Total

Obese

 

N%

n%

P

N%

n%

P

Type of delivery

  

0.022

  

0.091

  Vaginal

353 (45.5)

33 (9.8)

 

460 (69.2)

7 (1.4)

 

  Cesarean

437 (54.5)

71 (15.7)

 

213 (30.8)

8 (3.5)

 

Maternal schooling at birth (years)

0.010

  

0.811

  ≤ 8

462 (58.3)

46 (10.0)

 

404 (60.6)

8 (1.9)

 

  9 – 11

170 (20.8)

34 (20.8)

 

255 (37.6)

7 (2.4)

 

  ≥ 12

93 (11.9)

15 (12.7)

 

14 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

 

  Missing

65 (9.0)

9 (14.8)

 

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

0.948

  

0.442

  No

595 (80.6)

82 (13.3)

 

645 (96.0)

15 (2.2)

 

  Yes

160 (19.4)

19 (13.1)

 

28 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Birth weight (g)

  

0.159

  

0.157

  ≥ 3,000

447 (64.0)

70 (14.6)

 

458 (69.8)

7 (1.5)

 

  2,500|- 3,000

174 (26.1)

17 (9.9)

 

134 (23.6)

4 (3.0)

 

  < 2,500

169 (9.9)

17 (10.4)

 

81 (6.6)

4 (4.9)

 

Preterm delivery

  

0.852

  

0.315

  No

604 (87.9)

82 (13.1)

 

586 (88.3)

14 (2.2)

 

  Yes

186 (12.1)

22 (12.5)

 

87 (11.7)

1 (0.8)

 

Newborn gender

  

0.152

  

0.056

  Male

402 (50.8)

62 (14.8)

 

348 (51.7)

11 (3.1)

 

  Female

388 (49.2)

42 (11.1)

 

325 (48.3)

4 (1.0)

 

Maternal schooling at follow up (years)

<0.001

  

0.851

  ≤ 8

455 (58.8)

39 (8.9)

 

317 (48.5)

6 (2.0)

 

  9 – 11

221 (27.7)

47 (21.2)

 

317 (48.7)

8 (2.2)

 

  ≥ 12

106 (13.5)

17 (13.6)

 

21 (2.8)

1 (3.7)

 

Duration of breastfeeding

0.242

  

0.372

  >30 days

616 (80.8)

76 (12.2)

 

521 (79.4)

11 (1.8)

 

  No Breastfeeding

104 (12.0)

17 (18.6)

 

62 (9.4)

1 (2.0)

 

  ≤ 30 days

60 (7.2)

10 (14.2)

 

71 (11.2)

3 (4.5)

 

Type of school

  

0.405

  

0.555

  Public

647 (83.0)

80 (12.5)

 

519 (78.2)

10 (1.9)

 

  Private

143 (17.0)

24 (15.4)

 

153 (21.8)

5 (2.7)

 
  1. *Missing values less than 5% were not shown in the table.