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Table 2 Characteristics of 443 Japanese women aged 18–22 years categorized by normal or elevated (cutoff 1 mg/L) serum CRP concentration*

From: Dietary total antioxidant capacity from different assays in relation to serum C-reactive protein among young Japanese women

 

Total (n = 443)

Normal CRP (CRP <1 mg/L) (n = 418)

Elevated CRP (CRP ≥1 mg/L) (n = 25)

P†

Serum CRP concentration (mg/L)

0.11 (0.06-0.23)

0.11 (0.06-0.20)

1.78 (1.29-3.06)

 

Age (years)

19 (19–20)

19 (19–20)

19 (19–20)

0.72

Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.0 (19.5-22.5)

21.0 (19.5-22.6)

21.7 (19.3-22.2)

0.99

Residential region

   

0.37

  North (Kanto and Tohoku)

268 (60.5)

250 (59.8)

18 (72.0)

 

  Central (Tokai and Hokuriku)

73 (16.5)

69 (16.5)

4 (16.0)

 

  South (Kyushu and Chugoku)

102 (23.0)

99 (23.7)

3 (12.0)

 

Size of residential area

   

0.75

  City with population ≥1 million

77 (17.4)

74 (17.7)

3 (12.0)

 

  City with population <1 million

329 (74.3)

309 (73.9)

20 (80.0)

 

  Town and village

37 (8.4)

35 (8.4)

2 (8.0)

 

Current smoking

   

0.86

  No

428 (96.6)

404 (96.7)

24 (96.0)

 

  Yes

15 (3.5)

14 (3.4)

1 (4.0)

 

Alcohol drinking

   

0.10

  No

248 (56.0)

230 (55.0)

18 (72.0)

 

  Yes

195 (44.0)

188 (45.0)

7 (28.0)

 

Dietary supplement use

   

0.33

  No

357 (80.6)

335 (80.1)

22 (88.0)

 

  Yes

86 (19.4)

83 (19.9)

3 (12.0)

 

Physical activity (total metabolic equivalents-hours/d)

33.2 (32.2-34.5)

33.2 (32.2-34.4)

33.3 (32.4-34.6)

0.57

Energy intake (kcal/d)

1718 (1475–1986)

1717 (1476–1976)

1795 (1347–1994)

0.99

Total n-3 PUFA intake (g/d)‡

2.2 (1.9-2.6)

2.2 (1.9-2.6)

2.2 (1.9-2.6)

0.50

Dietary TAC‡

    

  FRAP (mmol Fe2+/d)

10.61 (7.42-16.06)

10.79 (7.55-16.33)

7.65 (5.47-11.68)

0.004

  ORAC (mmol TE/d)

16.78 (12.43-24.12)

17.30 (12.93-24.63)

13.00 (9.38-16.93)

0.003

  TEAC (mmol TE/d)

6.26 (4.67-8.83)

6.45 (4.73-8.92)

5.32 (3.66-6.01)

0.01

  TRAP (mmol TE/d)

6.71 (4.34-10.24)

6.85 (4.50-10.48)

4.47 (3.60-6.48)

0.01

  1. CRP C-reactive protein, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, TAC total antioxidant capacity, FRAP ferric reducing ability of plasma, ORAC oxygen radical absorbance capacity, TEAC Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TRAP total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, TE Trolox equivalent.
  2. * Values are medians (interquartile ranges) or numbers of subjects (%).
  3. †P value between normal CRP and elevated CRP groups. For continuous values, the Mann–Whitney signed-rank test was used; for categorical values, the chi-square test was used.
  4. ‡ Energy adjustment was performed according to the residual method.