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Table 1 Daily energy, macronutrient, and fiber intake by postmenopausal women during the run-in, high-fiber rye bread (RB) and refined wheat bread (WB) periods, and test bread intake 1

From: Metabolomics reveals the metabolic shifts following an intervention with rye bread in postmenopausal women- a randomized control trial

 

Run-in

RB

WB

Energy (MJ/d)

7.2 ± 1.5

7.5 ± 1.5

7.3 ± 1.5

Protein (% energy)

17.4 ± 3.2

18.4 ± 2.2a

17.3 ± 2.4

Total fat (% energy)

31.4 ± 6.3

27.9 ± 6.9b

28.9 ± 6.3b

SFA (% energy)

13.3 ± 3.5

11.4 ± 3.5b

11.3 ± 3.3b

MUFA (% energy)

10.4 ± 2.5

9.0 ± 2.9b

8.5 ± 2.8b

PUFA (% energy)

5.0 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.1b

3.6 ± 1.4b

Carbohydrates (% energy)

49.5 ± 6.9

52.8 ± 6.2a,b

52.5 ± 7.2b

Total dietary fiber (g)

24.2 ± 6.9

47.2 ± 9.1a,b

15.4 ± 4.0b

Insoluble dietary fiber (g)

11.01 ± 3.2

33.4 ± 6.5 a,b

6.2 ± 1.2b

Soluble dietary fiber (g)

5.6 ± 1.8

9.4 ± 1.9 a,b

4.9 ± 1.4b

Cholesterol (mg)

231 ± 111

228 ± 99

198 ± 84

Minimum amount of test breads to be consumed (g)

 

117 ± 18

103 ± 16

Test bread intake (g)

 

215 ± 47

180 ± 42

  1. 1Values are expressed as mean ± SD; n = 33. Intake was calculated from 4-d food records.a P<0.05 compared with WB; b P<0.05 compared with run-in (paired t-test).