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Table 2 Postprandial incremental areas under the curve (iAUC 0–120 min) for plasma glucose, serum insulin, plasma GLP-1 and GIP

From: The glycemic, insulinemic and plasma amino acid responses to equi-carbohydrate milk meals, a pilot- study of bovine and human milk

 

Glucose1

Insulin1

GLP-12

GIP2

mmol · min

%4

nmol · min

%4

pmol · min

%4

pmol · min

%4

WWB

96.8 ± 13.6a

0

10.1 ± 1.8a

0

276.6 ± 118.6a

0

1115.2 ± 271.5a

0

Human milk

48.0 ± 7.6b

−50

9.0 ± 1.6a

−10

427.2 ± 131.9a

+154

699.6 ± 151.1a

−37

Whey

54.1 ± 11.7b

−44

16.0 ± 2.6b

+58

980.2 ± 167.8b

+354

2717.3 ± 665.3b

+244

Casein

35.1 ± 8.4b

−64

10.4 ± 1.8a

+3

444.9 ± 118.8a

+180

1260.1 ± 259.2a

+113

Bovine milk

40.6 ± 10.9b

−58

11.7 ± 2.6ab

+16

 

 
  1. Values are means ± SEM. Values within the same column not sharing same letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).
  2. 1n = 9 healthy subjects.
  3. 2n = 8 healthy subjects (WWB, whey) and n = 7 (casein, human milk).
  4. 4 Change in postprandial response as a percentage of the WWB reference meal.