Table 1 Comparison of male and female subjects based on coffee intake
From: Tea and coffee consumption in relation to vitamin D and calcium levels in Saudi adolescents
Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p-value | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | p-value |
0–4 | 5–8 | 9–12 | 0–4 | 5–8 | 9–12 | |||
times/week | times/week | times/week | times/week | times/week | times/week | |||
N | 60 | 16 | 75 | 83 | 22 | 70 | ||
Age(years) | 13.2 ± 3.1 | 13.4 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 3.4 | 0.009 | 13.5 ± 3.2 | 12.0 ± 3.6 | 12.3 ± 3.3 | 0.035 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 8.2 | 22.9 ± 6.8 | 19.5 ± 5.1 | 0.020 | 23.1 ± 7.1 | 18.6 ± 4.0 | 21.3 ± 6.4 | 0.016 |
Sun Exposure (%) (Daily/weekly) | 60/25 | 31/50 | 44/36 | 0.16 | 20.7/26.5 | 22.7/50.0 | 28.5/50.0 | 0.001 |
Physical Activity (%)(moderate/Active) | 20/46.6 | 25/62.5 | 10.6/64.0 | 0.14 | 13.2/65.0 | 22.7/68.1 | 15.7/67.1 | 0.39 |
Waist (cm) | 67.4 ± 30.0 | 72.3 ± 14.6 | 63.7 ± 15.1 | 0.343 | 65.5 ± 23.0 | 62.4 ± 10.0 | 68.2 ± 12.4 | 0.413 |
Hips (cm) | 78.3 ± 30.6 | 89.3 ± 16.4 | 77.6 ± 20.1 | 0.246 | 82.2 ± 24.4 | 79.4 ± 13.7 | 86.4 ±15.4 | 0.299 |
LBM (kg) | 40.8 ± 15.2 | 34.2 ± 10.0 | 32.1 ± 12.8 | 0.010 | 34.1 ± 9.2 | 27.4 ± 8.9 | 31.3 ± 8.9 | 0.015 |
SLM (kg) | 36.2 ± 14.3 | 31.8 ± 9.5 | 28.9 ± 12.3 | 0.011 | 32.0 ± 9.4 | 25.3 ± 8.4 | 28.8 ± 8.4 | 0.010 |
Glucose (mmol/l)† | 5.2 ± 0.77 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 0.60 | 0.193 | 5.0 ± 0.85 | 5.0 ± 0.65 | 5.1 ± 0.52 | 0.299 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l)† | 0.94 ± 0.05 | 1.1 ± 0.08 | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.111 | 0.94 ± 0.08 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.243 |
HDL (mmol/l)† | 0.89 ± 0.35 | 1.05 ± 0.20 | 1.1 ± 0.26* | 0.022 | 1.02 ± 0.31 | 1.1 ± 0.19 | 1.2 ± 0.25* | 0.034 |
LDL(mmol/l)† | 2.9 ± 0.68 | 2.8 ± 0.58 | 2.5 ± 0.57* | 0.008 | 2.9 ± 0.66 | 2.6 ± 0.57 | 2.7 ± 0.60 | 0.088 |
T. Cholesterol(mmol/l)† | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 0.65 | 3.8 ± 0.62* | 0.043 | 4.3 ± 0.65 | 3.9 ± 0.56 | 4.1 ± 0.66 | 0.061 |
Serum Ca (mmol/l)† | 2.5 ± 0.26 | 2.5 ± 0.16 | 2.6 ± 0.16* | 0.008 | 2.4 ± 0.19 | 2.6 ± 0.12 | 2.5 ± 0.20 | 0.100 |
Corrected Ca (mmol/l)† | 2.6 ± 0.32 | 2.6 ± 0.39 | 2.6 ± 0.24 | 0.582 | 2.4 ± 0.38 | 2.5 ± 0.10 | 2.5 ± 0.20 | 0.931 |
Albumin (gm/L)† | 45.5 ± 4.5 | 45.8 ± 4.0 | 45.1 ± 3.2 | 0.891 | 44.8 ± 3.4 | 46.5 ± 2.7 | 44.3 ± 3.6 | 0.050 |
Serum Phosphorus † | 1.6 ± 0.63 | 1.5 ± 0.30 | 1.6 ± 0.38 | 0.891 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.24 | 1.3 ± 0.30 | 0.481 |
Vitamin D (nmol/l)† | 24.0 ± 1.5 | 20.7 ± 1.3 | 25.4 ± 1.6 | 0.212 | 16.7 ± 1.6 | 19.4 ± 1.5 | 20.5 ± 1.5* | 0.020 |