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Table 3 Distribution of tocopherols (T) in plasma lipoprotein fractions during supplementation with the α-tocopherol and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) treatments (mean values ± SEM, n = 10)*

From: Alpha-tocotrienol is the most abundant tocotrienol isomer circulated in plasma and lipoproteins after postprandial tocotrienol-rich vitamin E supplementation

 

α-T

γ-T

 

TRP

LDL

HDL

TRP

LDL

HDL

 

α-T

TRF

α-T

TRF

α-T

TRF

α-T

TRF

α-T

TRF

α-T

TRF

 

%

%

0 h

18.21 ± 2.31

21.2 ± 4.79

39.53 ± 2.53

41.25 ± 3.67

40.73 ± 2.57

36.20 ± 2.84

0.08 ± 0.08

0.33 ± 0.21

0.46 ± 0.19

0.47 ± 0.21

1.00 ± 0.41

0.55 ± 0.24

2 h

29.85 ± 3.57

25.13 ± 4.02

33.48 ± 2.56

33.53 ± 3.80

34.34 ± 2.50

30.87 ± 2.87

0.79 ± 0.22

0.97 ± 0.41

0.51 ± 0.15

0.58 ± 0.23

1.02 ± 0.27

0.76 ± 0.23

Change†

11.65 ± 2.44§

3.93 ± 1.24§

-6.05 ± 1.66

-7.72 ± 2.58

-6.38 ± 1.71

-5.34 ± 1.10

0.72 ± 0.22

0.64 ± 0.31

0.05 ± 0.17

0.11 ± 0.27

0.01 ± 0.25

0.22 ± 0.29

4 h

33.34 ± 3.34

26.93 ± 3.53

30.74 ± 2.33

26.38 ± 2.78

31.78 ± 2.50

26.18 ± 2.89

2.02 ± 0.31

2.27 ± 0.54

0.80 ± 0.13

1.06 ± 0.18‡

1.32 ± 0.19

1.52 ± 0.22‡

Change

15.14 ± 2.83§

5.73 ± 1.66§

-8.79 ± 2.22

-14.48 ± 2.49

-8.95 ± 1.20

-10.02 ± 2.11

1.94 ± 0.34

1.95 ± 0.51

0.35 ± 0.21

0.59 ± 0.23

0.32 ± 0.34

0.97 ± 0.30

5 h

31.55 ± 3.29

26.40 ± 3.92

31.89 ± 2.13

25.97 ± 3.00

32.01 ± 2.34

26.12 ± 3.11

2.06 ± 0.39

2.37 ± 0.54

0.97 ± 0.08

1.19 ± 0.10‡

1.38 ± 0.20

1.61 ± 0.27‡

Change

13.34 ± 2.77§

5.20 ± 1.72§

-7.64 ± 1.58

-15.29 ± 3.12

-8.72 ± 1.75

-10.09 ± 2.01

1.99 ± 0.42

2.04 ± 0.49

0.51 ± 0.25

0.72 ± 0.20

0.38 ± 0.38

1.06 ± 0.35

6 h

27.76 ± 2.14

24.10 ± 4.29

36.27 ± 1.97

29.45 ± 3.47

31.58 ± 2.27

25.50 ± 2.52

1.81 ± 0.40

2.30 ± 0.59

1.04 ± 0.09

1.39 ± 0.16‡

1.40 ± 0.25

1.70 ± 0.22‡

Change

9.55 ± 2.07§

2.90 ± 1.78§

-3.26 ± 1.65

-11.80 ± 2.64

-9.15 ± 1.48

-10.71 ± 2.37

1.73 ± 0.43

1.97 ± 0.54

0.58 ± 0.28

0.92 ± 0.23

0.40 ± 0.37

1.15 ± 0.28

8 h

17.93 ± 2.24

17.96 ± 4.60

40.41 ± 1.83

35.74 ± 3.46

37.54 ± 1.99

31.26 ± 2.82

1.07 ± 0.35

1.36 ± 0.44

1.28 ± 0.20‡

1.62 ± 0.13‡

1.64 ± 0.39

1.97 ± 0.30‡

Change

-0.28 ± 2.15

-3.24 ± 1.85

0.88 ± 1.64

-5.52 ± 1.34

-3.18 ± 1.73

-4.95 ± 2.23

1.00 ± 0.37

1.04 ± 0.33

0.83 ± 0.34

1.14 ± 0.28

0.64 ± 0.36

1.43 ± 0.41

24 h

17.39 ± 1.72

19.94 ± 4.46

40.71 ± 2.38

38.82 ± 3.60

40.59 ± 2.11

40.42 ± 3.12

0.12 ± 0.09

0.21 ± 0.21

0.33 ± 0.19

0.18 ± 0.12

0.87 ± 0.45

0.43 ± 0.22

Change

-0.82 ± 2.35

-1.26 ± 2.11

1.17 ± 2.27

-2.43 ± 1.92

-0.15 ± 1.16

4.22 ± 1.35

0.05 ± 0.10

-0.12 ± 0.88

-0.13 ± 0.22

-0.18 ± 0.23

-0.13 ± 0.49

0.01 ± 0.34

AUC

501.58 ± 42.79

495.54 ± 101.10

928.26 ± 40.04

805.20 ± 73.76

899.04 ± 45.72

806.29 ± 62.67

20.07 ± 5.26

25.37 ± 7.97

19.38 ± 2.92

22.53 ± 2.10

30.25 ± 7.60

29.72 ± 5.02

  1. TRF, tocotrienol-rich fraction; TRP, triacylglycerol rich particles; AUC, area under the curve (arbitrary unit); α-T, α-tocopherol; γ-T, γ-tocopherol.
  2. * Significant time × treatment × group (lipoproteins) interaction of α-T were found (3-factor repeated-measures MANOVA).
  3. † Changes were calculated as the difference between values at each postprandial interval and baseline (0 h).
  4. ‡ Significant increment from baseline (0 h) value, P < 0.05 (Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test).
  5. § Significant difference of α-T content in TRP between α-tocopherol and TRF treatments, P < 0.05 (Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test)