Table 1 Population characteristics, including information about the variables included in the adjustment model (n = 920)
From: Associations between toenail arsenic concentration and dietary factors in a New Hampshire population
|  | Total population (n = 920) | Population with water [As] < 1 μg/L (n = 707) | Population with water [As] between 1 and 10 μg/L (n = 157) | Population with water [As] > 10 μg/L (n = 56) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Continuous variables | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | ||||
 Toenail arsenic (μg/g) | 0.122 ± 0.136 | 0.102 ± 0.096 | 0.149 ± 0.154 | 0.292 ± 0.297 | ||||
 Water arsenic (μg/L) | 2.711 ± 9.978 | 0.269 ± 0.225 | 3.806 ± 2.498 | 30.467 ± 27.942 | ||||
 Age (years) | 61.0 ± 10.0 | 61.1 ± 10.1 | 60.5 ± 9.9 | 61.7 ± 10.1 | ||||
 Water consumption from household supply (L/d) | 1.11 ± 0.77 | 1.11 ± 0.76 | 1.07 ± 0.75 | 1.17 ± 0.94 | ||||
 Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1919.1 ± 630.1 | 1907.3 ± 633.8 | 1934.8 ± 600.9 | 2024.6 ± 662.1 | ||||
B. Categorical variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
 Sex | ||||||||
  Female | 364 | 39.6 | 280 | 39.6 | 66 | 42.0 | 18 | 32.1 |
  Male | 556 | 60.4 | 427 | 60.4 | 91 | 58.0 | 38 | 67.9 |
Smoking status | ||||||||
  Never smoked | 298 | 32.4 | 224 | 31.7 | 57 | 36.3 | 17 | 30.4 |
  Has smoked | 622 | 67.6 | 483 | 68.3 | 100 | 63.7 | 39 | 69.6 |
Season in which the toenail sample was collected | ||||||||
  Winter | 186 | 20.2 | 142 | 20.1 | 30 | 19.1 | 14 | 25.0 |
  Spring | 182 | 19.8 | 144 | 20.4 | 32 | 20.4 | 6 | 10.7 |
  Summer | 268 | 29.1 | 191 | 27.0 | 52 | 33.1 | 25 | 44.6 |
  Fall | 284 | 30.9 | 230 | 32.5 | 43 | 27.4 | 11 | 19.6 |
Case–control Status | ||||||||
  Control | 227 | 24.7 | 179 | 25.3 | 33 | 21.0 | 15 | 26.8 |
  Bladder cancer | 275 | 29.9 | 206 | 29.1 | 45 | 28.7 | 24 | 42.9 |
  Basal cell skin cancer | 214 | 23.3 | 162 | 22.9 | 40 | 25.5 | 12 | 21.4 |
  Squamous cell skin cancer | 204 | 22.2 | 160 | 22.6 | 39 | 24.8 | 5 | 8.9 |
Body mass index | ||||||||
  Normal (<25 kg/m²) | 164 | 17.8 | 119 | 16.8 | 37 | 23.8 | 8 | 14.3 |
  Overweight (≥25 kg/m² & <30 kg/m²) | 176 | 19.1 | 142 | 20.1 | 28 | 17.8 | 6 | 10.7 |
  Obese (≥30 kg/m²) | 73 | 7.9 | 56 | 7.9 | 14 | 8.9 | 3 | 5.4 |
  Missing | 507 | 55.1 | 390 | 55.2 | 78 | 49.7 | 39 | 69.6 |