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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and differences between genders (n = 42)

From: Wild bitter gourd improves metabolic syndrome: A preliminary dietary supplementation trial

Variables

Men mean

SEMa

Women mean

SEMa

p valueb

Age (year)

46.9

2.7

44.4

2.3

0.487

Body height (cm)

170.1

1.6

160.0

1.2

0.000

Body weight (kg)

82.4

3.1

77.1

3.4

0.258

Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.4

0.7

30.0

1.1

0.225

Waist circumference (cm)

98.4

1.8

94.4

2.3

0.181

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

140.0

3.3

137.7

3.7

0.631

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

93.5

3.2

88.2

2.3

0.187

Heart rate (beat/min)

75.1

2.5

77.7

2.2

0.448

Fasting sugar (mg/dL)

112.8

5.8

105.4

5.0

0.339

Hemoglobin A1cc (%)

6.4

0.3

6.3

0.2

0.684

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

234.0

23.8

188.4

14.7

0.112

HDL-cc (mg/dL)

41.5

1.7

49.3

2.1

0.006

LDL-cc (mg/dL)

125.5

7.1

134.9

6.1

0.314

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

195.2

7.7

204.9

6.2

0.333

Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)

42.0

4.1

23.2

2.4

0.000

Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)

30.1

3.1

20.5

1.6

0.008

γ-Glutamyl transferase (IU/L)

54.4

8.5

29.8

3.1

0.012

Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)

161.3

7.8

142.2

9.8

0.135

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.7

0.05

0.6

0.06

0.019

Creatinine (μm/L)

1.1

0.03

0.8

0.02

0.000

Uric acid (mg/dL)

7.8

0.29

6.1

0.27

0.000

Insulin (μIU/mL)

19.4

4.7

16.5

2.0

0.566

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

13.6

0.7

11.5

0.6

0.025

Testosterone (ng/dL)

337.2

25.0

31.6

3.7

0.000

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

434.5

20.7

469.8

27.0

0.308

C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.28

0.06

0.51

0.12

0.001

White blood cell (k/μL)

7.3

0.4

7.2

0.5

0.792

Red blood cell (m/μL)

5.2

0.12

4.7

0.07

0.002

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

15.3

0.2

13.7

0.2

0.000

Platelet (k/μL)

259.1

11.0

312.4

11.9

0.002

HOMAc

4.8

1.1

3.7

0.5

0.012

LogHOMA

0.56

0.07

0.51

0.05

0.096

Quickic

0.32

0.01

0.32

0.01

0.176

McAuley index

0.55

0.03

0.59

0.03

0.043

  1. aSEM indicates standard error of mean. bAnalyzed by t-test. cHemoglobin A1c indicates glycosylated hemoglobin A1c. HDL-c indicates high density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL-c indicates low density lipoprotein cholesterol. HOMA indicates homeostasis model assessment. Quicki indicates quantitative insulin sensitivity check index.