| |
baseline
|
control bread
|
pre- placebo treatment
|
placebo treatment
|
post- placebo washout
|
pre- AXOS treatment
|
AXOS treatment
|
post- AXOS washout
|
|---|
|
Acetate
|
45.6
|
±27.9
|
47.3
|
±21.8
|
51.1
|
±18.8
|
54.2
|
±26.4
|
48.0
|
±22.5
|
46.7
|
±22.3
|
55.1
|
±34.5
|
52.1
|
±19.6
|
|
Propionate
|
17.8
|
±13.7
|
16.5
|
±11.1
|
18.2
|
±10.1
|
19.5
|
±11.2
|
17.1
|
±10.9
|
16.1
|
±10.9c
|
17.5
|
±10.4
|
18.8
|
±8.6b
|
|
Butyrate
|
11.5
|
±7.9
|
13.6
|
±9.4
|
14.9
|
±10.1
|
14.6
|
±7.2a
|
15.0
|
±10.1
|
12.8
|
±8.8
|
16.3
|
±12.3ab
|
14.5
|
±7.9
|
|
Total acetate, propionate and butyrate
|
74.9
|
±44.7
|
77.4
|
±37.0
|
84.2
|
±33.3
|
87.8
|
±6.2
|
80.2
|
±38.3
|
75.6
|
±36.9
|
88.9
|
±52.4
|
85.4
|
±31.6
|
|
Valerate
|
1.2
|
±1.4
|
2.3
|
±2.3a
|
2.4
|
±2.3a
|
2.2
|
±1.8a
|
2.0
|
±2.3
|
2.4
|
±1.5a
|
2.3
|
±2.2a
|
1.7
|
±2.0
|
|
Iso-valerate
|
1.3
|
±0.6
|
1.3
|
±1.0
|
1.5
|
±1.3
|
1.3
|
±1.1
|
1.7
|
±1.1
|
1.4
|
±0.7
|
1.1
|
±1.0
|
1.7
|
±2.0
|
|
Caproate
|
0.8
|
±0.8
|
0.7
|
±0.9
|
0.9
|
±1.3
|
1.0
|
±1.4
|
0.8
|
±0.8
|
0.8
|
±0.8
|
0.7
|
±0.8
|
1.1
|
±1.4
|
|
Iso-butyrate
|
1.7
|
±0.7
|
1.6
|
±1.2
|
1.9
|
±1.5
|
1.7
|
±1.3
|
1.8
|
±1.2
|
1.6
|
±0.9
|
1.3
|
±1.1
|
1.8
|
±1.3
|
|
Total valerate, iso-valerate, caproate and iso-butyrate
|
4.9
|
±2.5
|
5.8
|
±4.5
|
6.7
|
±5.0
|
6.2
|
±4.9a
|
6.2
|
±3.7
|
6.1
|
±2.8
|
5.4
|
±4.2
|
6.3
|
±4.5
|
-
P-values of VFA changes. Wilcoxons signed rank test was used to determine statistical differences between levels of VFA, as this data did not follow a normal distribution.
- a - different to baseline; b- different to pre-treatment; c- different to washout, (p < 0.05).
