| | Cas | Cas-TG | Wh |
|---|
Protein powder (g) | 33.15*
| 34.05†
| 32.26‡
|
Glucose (g)§
| 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Aroma (g)║
| 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
13 C acetic acid (mg)¶
| 50 | 50 | 50 |
Water up to 500 g | | | |
- Cas, caseinate; Cas-TG, transglutaminase treated Cas; Wh, whey protein.
-
*Non-enzyme-treated sodium caseinate powder prepared for the study, composition: 86.3% protein from sodium caseinate, 6.1% maltodextrin + lactose (from TG and sodium caseinate powder), 3.8% ash, 2.9% moisture, 0.8% fat, 0.06% TG-enzyme (inactivated), DMV International, Veghel, The Netherlands.
-
†TG-treated sodium caseinate powder prepared for the study, composition: 84.0% sodium caseinate, 5.0% maltodextrin + lactose (from TG powder), 5.5% moisture, 3.7% ash, 0.8% fat, 0.06% TG-enzyme.
-
‡Whey protein isolate (mainly beta-lactoglobulin), BiPRO®, composition: 92.9% protein, 5% moisture, 1.9% ash, 0.4% fat and 0.5% lactose, Davisco Foods International, Inc., USA.
-
§Anhydrous glucose, composition 100% dextrose anhydre CF, moisture 0.5%, Oriola, Espoo, Finland.
-
║Orange aroma, Spice Aroma Finland Ky, Kuopio, Finland.
-
¶13 C labeled acetic acid for measuring gastric emptying, Wagner Analysen Technik GmbH, Bremen, Germany.
