Table 2 Distribution of selected characteristics in 315 mother-child pairs, OMCHS, Japan
From: Dairy products and calcium intake during pregnancy and dental caries in children
Variable | Number (%) |
|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |
Maternal age (years) | |
< 29 | 91 (28.9) |
29-31 | 106 (33.7) |
≥ 32 | 118 (37.5) |
Gestational age at baseline (weeks) | |
< 15 | 111 (35.2) |
15-20 | 94 (29.8) |
≥ 21 | 110 (34.9) |
Family income (yen/year) | |
< 4,000,000 | 75 (23.8) |
4,000,000-5,999,999 | 129 (41.0) |
≥ 6,000,000 | 111 (35.2) |
Maternal education (years) | |
< 13 | 69 (21.9) |
13-14 | 136 (43.2) |
≥ 15 | 110 (34.9) |
Paternal education (years) | |
< 13 | 102 (32.4) |
13-14 | 55 (17.5) |
≥ 15 | 158 (50.2) |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 43 (13.7) |
Characteristics at follow-up surveys | |
Child’s gender (male) | 174 (55.2) |
Breastfeeding duration (months) | |
< 12 | 151 (47.9) |
≥ 12 | 164 (52.1) |
Age at introduction to solid foods (months) | |
< 6 | 177 (56.2) |
≥ 6 | 138 (43.8) |
Age at first tooth eruption (months) | |
< 7 | 157 (49.8) |
≥ 7 | 158 (50.2) |
Toothbrushing frequency in children at fourth survey (times/day) | |
< 2 | 202 (64.1) |
≥ 2 | 113 (35.9) |
Toothbrushing frequency in children at fifth survey (times/day) | |
< 2 | 168 (53.3) |
≥ 2 | 147 (46.7) |
Use of fluoride | |
No | 55 (17.5) |
Yes | 260 (82.5) |
Regular dental check-ups | 127 (40.3) |
Household smoking at fifth survey | 117 (37.1) |
Age at oral examination (months) | |
< 43 | 190 (60.3) |
≥ 43 | 125 (39.7) |
Children’s dairy products intake at fifth survey (times/week) | 12.3 (8.6) |