Table 1 Characteristics and distribution of daily intake of dairy products and calcium at baseline in the study population (n = 315) as compared with the non-participating or excluded subjects (n = 687), OMCHS, Japan
From: Dairy products and calcium intake during pregnancy and dental caries in children
Variable | Study population, No (%) or mean (SD) | Excluded subjects, No (%) or mean (SD) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | |||
Maternal age (years) | 0.0003 | ||
< 29 | 91 (28.9) | 289 (42.1) | |
29-31 | 106 (33.7) | 193 (28.1) | |
≥ 32 | 118 (37.5) | 205 (29.8) | |
Gestational age at baseline (weeks) | 0.23 | ||
< 15 | 111 (35.2) | 246 (35.8) | |
15-20 | 94 (29.8) | 235 (34.2) | |
≥ 21 | 110 (34.9) | 206 (30.0) | |
Family income (yen/year) | 0.005 | ||
< 4,000,000 | 75 (23.8) | 226 (32.9) | |
4,000,000-5,999,999 | 129 (41.0) | 274 (39.9) | |
≥ 6,000,000 | 111 (35.2) | 187 (27.2) | |
Maternal education (years) | <0.0001 | ||
< 13 | 69 (21.9) | 254 (37.0) | |
13-14 | 136 (43.2) | 277 (40.3) | |
≥ 15 | 110 (34.9) | 156 (22.7) | |
Paternal education (years) | 0.002 | ||
< 13 | 102 (32.4) | 298 (43.4) | |
13-14 | 55 (17.5) | 117 (68.0) | |
≥ 15 | 158 (50.2) | 272 (39.6) | |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 43 (13.7) | 141 (20.5) | 0.009 |
Daily food and nutrition intake 1 | |||
Total energy (kJ) | 7564.7 ± 1770.0 | 7689.8 ± 2054.8 | 0.32 |
Total dairy products (g) | 180.8 ± 113.1 | 164.2 ± 124.8 | 0.04 |
Milk (g) | 129.5 ± 101.4 | 119.2 ± 112.6 | 0.15 |
Yogurt (g) | 45.5 ± 38.6 | 39.6 ± 46.8 | 0.04 |
Cheese (g) | 5.9 ± 8.9 | 5.4 ± 7.9 | 0.40 |
Calcium (mg) | 561.9 ± 168.6 | 529.5 ± 174.7 | 0.006 |