Table 1 Summary of the main gut hormones that influence the energy homeostasis
From: Gut-central nervous system axis is a target for nutritional therapies
Gut hormones (receptor) | Secretion site | Action |
|---|---|---|
PYY (G protein-coupled receptors) | L cells of gut | ↓ food intake and delays gastric emptying |
GLP-1 (GLP-1R) | L cells of gut | ↓ food intake, releases insulin, hand out as incretin, ↓ glucose levels and delays gastric emptying |
OXM (GLP-1R) | L cells of gut | ↓ food intake |
CCK (CCK1 and CCK2) | I cell of small intestine | ↓ food intake |
Uroguanylin and Guanylin (GUCY2CR) | Intestinal epithelial cells | ↓ food intake |
GIP | K cells of gut | ↓ food intake and glucose levels |
PP (Y4 and Y5) | PP cells of pancreas | ↓ food intake |
Amylin (AMY 1-3) | β cells of pancreas | ↓ glucose levels |
Insulin (IR) | β cells of pancreas | ↓ food intake and glucose levels |
Glucagon (GCGR) | α cells of pancreas | ↑ glucose levels and insulin secretion |
Ghrelin (GHSR1) | Stomach | ↑ food intake |