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Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% CI) for atrial fibrillation according to nut consumption in Physicians' Health Study

From: Nut consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Physicians' Health Study

Nut intake

Cases/person- years

Crude incidence rate (1,000 person-years)

Hazards Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)

   

Unadjusted

Age adjusted*

Model 1**

Rarely/Never

644/84926

7.6

1.0

1.0

1.0

1-3/month

1170/157704

7.4

0.97 (0.88 - 1.06)

1.01 (0.92 - 1.12)

1.00 (0.90 - 1.11)

1/week

842/102290

8.2

1.07 (0.97 - 1.19)

1.12 (1.01 - 1.24)

1.09 (0.97 - 1.21)

2-6/week

587/74642

7.9

1.03 (0.92 - 1.15)

1.05 (0.94 - 1.18)

1.07 (0.95 - 1.21)

≥ 7/week

74/10865

6.8

0.90 (0.71 - 1.14)

0.88 (0.69 - 1.12)

0.91 (0.70 - 1.17)

P for trend

  

0.41

0.33

0.26

  1. *Age as ordinal variable Adjusted for age (< 45, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75+ y)
  2. **Adjusted for Age (< 45, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75+ y), body mass index (< 25, 25-29.9, and 30+ kg/m2), aspirin, beta-carotene, physical activity (1 or more times per week vs. < 1 per week), smoking (never, past and current smokers), cereal servings per week (≤ 1, 2-6, ≥ 7), fruit/vegetable servings per week (continuous), alcohol consumption (none, monthly, weekly, daily), history of hypertension, history of hypercholesterolemia and history of diabetes