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Table 1 Baseline characteristics and clinical measurements for study participants by treatment group

From: Effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on biological risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

 

Caffeinated Coffee

Decaffeinated Coffee

No Coffee

 

(N = 16)

(N = 14)

(N = 15)

Age (years)

38.7 (7.3)

41.9 (14.6)

41.2 (17.4)

Sex (% female)

11 (68.8)

9 (64.3)

9 (60.0)

Usual caffeinated coffee intake (mL/d)

998 (432)

885 (509)

758 (500)

Ethnicity

(% non-Hispanic white)

10 (62.5)

10 (71.4)

10 (66.7)

Physical activity

(MET-hrs/wk)

28.5 (31.6)

37.1 (35.4)

31.6 (18.0)

Weight (kg)

79.8 (10.7)

86.5 (9.3)

84.6 (11.4)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.0 (2.3)

29.5 (2.2)

30.0 (2.4)

Waist circumference (cm)

   

   Men

97.7 (7.3)

102.5 (7.3)

102.6 (6.3)

   Women

85.2 (10.3)

90.9 (7.8)

88.3 (7.4)

Fat mass (%)a

32.0 (7.5)

33.5 (8.9)

34.3 (6.6)

Glucose (mmol/L)b

   

   Fasting

4.8 (0.5)

4.9 (1.0)

4.7 (0.4)

   2-hour

5.8 (1.8)

5.7 (1.6)

6.2 (1.6)

   Area under the curve

13.2 (2.4)

13.3 (3.6)

14.0 (2.1)

Insulin (pmol/L)

   

   Fasting

48.4 (33.6)

71.7 (50.9)

52.6 (21.1)

   2-hour

288.7 (132.6)

381.1 (223.3)

366.4 (180.0)

   Area under the curve

574. 2 (317.7)

717.8 (395.7)

675.1 (275.3)

CISI (mmol/L-1*pmol/L-1)

24.2 (15.4)

20.8 (15.7)

17.2 (7.4)

Insulin 30 min/Glucose 30 min

86.7 (59.2)

163.9 (162.4)

118.8 (89.6)

HOMA-IR

1.7 (1.1)

2.5 (2.0)

1.9 (0.8)

Adiponectin (μg/mL)

7.8 (4.8)

7.1 (3.7)

8.6 (3.6)

C-reactive protein (mg/L)

1.2 (1.0)

4.6 (5.8)

2.8 (3.2)

Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)

1.0 (0.5)

2.6 (2.6)

2.0 (1.3)

Fetuin-A (μg/mL)

246.1 (45.3)

270.7 (37.4)

280.2 (56.9)

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.5 (0.4)

1.5 (0.5)

1.5 (0.3)

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.8 (0.9)

2.4 (0.8)

2.3 (0.7)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.1 (0.7)

1.0 (0.4)

1.0 (0.5)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

115.0 (10.6)

119.7 (13.8)

121.3 (10.7)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

69.8 (7.6)

71.8 (5.8)

73.2 (8.7)

Heart rate (beats per minute)

68.0 (8.2)

71.3 (10.4)

66.5 (9.3)

  1. Unless otherwise noted, data are means (standard deviation) for continuous variables and number (percentages) for categorical variables.
  2. CISI, composite insulin sensitivity index. HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; IR, insulin resistance, HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.
  3. a Assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis.
  4. b One participant missing baseline fasting glucose measurement (Decaffeinated coffee treatment group).
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Nutrition Journal

ISSN: 1475-2891

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