Longitudinal study of leptin levels in chronic hemodialysis patients

Nutrition Journal

Table 2 Regression coefficients with 95% Confidence Intervals for the effect of longitudinal leptin changes on nutritional parameters changes (slopes) during 24 months based on mixed-effects model with linear trends for variable and fixed parameters

	95% confidence interval
	Estimate	Lower	Upper	F	P	P^a
Dietary intake
Δ DEI (kcal/kg/d)	-0.2285	-0.7376	0.2699	0.914	0.32	0.46
Δ DPI (g/kg/d)	-0.0119	-0.0334	0.0134	1.087	0.30	0.86
Δ nPNA	0.0020	-0.1572	0.0197	0.049	0.83	0.47
Biochemical markers
Δ Albumin (g/L)	-0.2665	-0.4403	0.0928	2.371	0.13	0.37
Δ Transferrin (mg/dL)	-1.6025	-3.4108	0.2059	3.111	0.08	0.81
Δ Creatinine (mg/dL)	-0.0261	-0.1158	0.0635	0.336	0.56	0.52
Δ Cholesterol (mg/dL)	-2.9192	-4.8957	0.9428	1.676	0.24	0.32
Δ IL-6 (mcg/ml)	2.8850	-1.8151	3.9548	0.971	0.34	0.46
EPO dose (x10 ² u/kg/w)	5.9104	-1.6371	13.4579	2.429	0.12	0.90
Anthropometric measurements
Δ BMI (kg/m ² ) ^b	-0.1259	-0.2389	-0.0129	5.011	0.030	0.57
Δ TSF (mm)	-0.4376	-0.7181	-0.1571	10.100	0.003	0.09
ΔMAC (cm)	0.0409	-0.0945	0.1764	0.374	0.55	0.26
ΔMAMC (cm)	-0.2066	-0.3356	-0.0777	10.550	0.002	0.20
Bioimpedance analysis
Δ FMI (kg/m ² ) ^b	-0.1467	-0.2697	-0.0211	5.512	0.021	0.76
Δ FFMI (kg/m ² )	-0.1459	-0.2044	-0.0874	24.760	< 0.001	0.15
Δ Phase angle (°)	-0.1018	-0.1377	-0.0659	31.898	< 0.001	0.38

NOTE: All nutritional variables presented in Table were modeled separately as dependent variables, whereas independent variables included fixed factors (such as age, gender, diabetes status, dialysis vintage, past cardio-vascular disease and fat mass) and leptin as continuous variable. Terms for individual "leptin-by-time" interactions were included in each model. The model takes into account every measurements of leptin and presented nutritional variables in each time point for each patient separately. Presented regression coefficients demonstrate changes in outcome variables with time (24 months).
^a P for trend for leptin-by-time interactions.
^b FMI and BMI were adjusted only by age, gender, DM status, history of cardio-vascular disease and dialysis vintage.
Abbreviations: DEI, daily energy intake; DPI, daily protein intake; nPNA, normalized protein nitrogen appearance; IL-6, interleukin-6; EPO, erythropoietin; BMI, body mass index; TSF, triceps skinfold thickness; MAC, mid-arm circumference; MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference calculated; FMI, fat mass index; FFMI, fat-free mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; CV, cardio-vascular.

ISSN: 1475-2891