| | |
Concentration (geometric mean (95% CI))
| |
|---|
| |
Fasting lipids, mmol/L
|
Never or <1 cup/week
|
1 cup/week to <1 cup/day
|
1-2 cups/day
|
≥3 cups/day
|
Percentage difference between extreme groups
|
P for trend
|
|---|
| | |
n = 891
|
n = 358
|
n = 1509
|
n = 242
| | |
|
Model 1‡
|
HDL-cholesterol
|
1.32 (1.30 - 1.34)
|
1.33 (1.30 - 1.36)
|
1.33 (1.32 - 1.35)
|
1.27 (1.23 - 1.31)
|
-3.79%
|
0.057
|
| |
LDL-cholesterol
|
3.19 (3.13 - 3.24)
|
3.14 (3.06 - 3.22)
|
3.26 (3.22 - 3.30)
|
3.31 (3.21 - 3.40)
|
3.76%
|
0.004
|
| |
Triglycerides
|
1.14 (1.10 - 1.18)
|
1.17 (1.11 - 1.23)
|
1.16 (1.13 - 1.19)
|
1.25 (1.18 - 1.34)
|
9.65%
|
0.020
|
| |
Total cholesterol
|
5.14 (5.09 - 5.20)
|
5.11 (5.02 - 5.20)
|
5.24 (5.19 - 5.29)
|
5.27 (5.16 - 5.38)
|
2.53%
|
0.005
|
|
Model 2‡ ‡
|
HDL-cholesterol
|
1.37 (1.34-1.41)
|
1.39 (1.34-1.43)
|
1.40 (1.37-1.43)
|
1.35 (1.31-1.40)
|
-1.46%
|
0.809
|
| |
LDL-cholesterol
|
3.05 (2.95-3.15)
|
3.00 (2.88-3.11)
|
3.10 (3.01-3.19)
|
3.11 (2.98-3.23)
|
1.97%
|
0.098
|
| |
Triglycerides
|
1.23 (1.16-1.30)
|
1.24 (1.16-1.33)
|
1.21 (1.14-1.28)
|
1.26 (1.17-1.36)
|
2.44%
|
0.762
|
| |
Total cholesterol
|
5.13 (5.03-5.24)
|
5.09 (4.96-5.21)
|
5.19 (5.09-5.29)
|
5.18 (5.04-5.32)
|
0.97%
|
0.163
|
|
Model 3‡ ‡ ‡
|
HDL-cholesterol
|
1.38 (1.34-1.42)
|
1.39 (1.35-1.43)
|
1.40 (1.37-1.44)
|
1.36 (1.31-1.41)
|
-1.19%
|
0.976
|
| |
LDL-cholesterol
|
3.05 (2.96-3.15)
|
3.00 (2.88-3.11)
|
3.10 (3.01-3.19)
|
3.10 (2.98-3.23)
|
1.69%
|
0.120
|
| |
Triglycerides
|
1.22 (1.15-1.30)
|
1.24 (1.15-1.33)
|
1.20 (1.14-1.27)
|
1.24 (1.15-1.35)
|
1.52%
|
0.961
|
| |
Total cholesterol
|
5.14 (5.03-5.25)
|
5.09 (4.96-5.22)
|
5.20 (5.10-5.30)
|
5.18 (5.04-5.32)
|
0.78%
|
0.183
|
- ‡ Model 1: Adjustment for age (yr), gender (male, female), ethnicity (Chinese, Malay, Indian)
- ‡ ‡ Model 2: Adjustment for age (yr), gender (male, female), ethnicity (Chinese, Malay, Indian), BMI (kg/m2), smoking (non-smoker, ex-smoker, smoker <10cigarettes/day, smoker ≥10cigarettes/day), education (primary and below, secondary, polytechnic and diploma, university), physical activity (kcal/week), hypertension (yes, no), alcohol (non-drinker, <1serving/day, ≥ 1 serving day)
- ‡ ‡ ‡ Model 3: Adjustment for age (yr), gender (male, female), ethnicity (Chinese, Malay, Indian), BMI (kg/m2), smoking (non-smoker, ex-smoker, smoker <10cigarettes/day, smoker ≥10cigarettes/day), education (primary and below, secondary, polytechnic and diploma, university), physical activity (kcal/week), hypertension (yes, no), alcohol (non-drinker, <1serving/day, ≥ 1 serving day), energy intake (kcal), fiber (g/day/1000 kcal), cholesterol (mg/day/1000 kcal), PUFA (% of total energy), MUFA (% of total energy), SFA (% of total energy)
