Table 2 Randomized intervention Human Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Design | Exposures | Exposure quantified | Outcomes | Sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective outcome reporting |
Patton [53] | RCO | Phosphate salt | mg P | Calcium balance | low | High | low | low |
Breslau [20] | RCO | Protein foods | NAE | Urine calcium & absorption | low | High | low | Low |
Whybro* [54] | RCO | Phosphate salt | mmol P | Urine calcium | part 1 = low | High | low | low |
Dahl [55] | RCO | Lentils | NAE | Calcium balance | low | High | low | low |
Kerstetter [56] | RCO | Amount of protein | g protein | Urine calcium, absorption & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Buclin [14] | RCO | Acid diet | No | Urine calcium & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Roughead [57] | RCO | Amount of protein | NAE | Calcium balance & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Dawson-Hughes [58] | RCT | Amount of protein | g protein | Urine calcium & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Roughead [59] | RCO | Meat/soy | NAE | Calcium balance & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Sakhaee [60] | RCO | K+citrate | K+citrate | Urine calcium, absorption & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Spence [61] | RCO | Soy vs. milk protein | NAE | Calcium balance & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Kerstetter [62] | RCO | Amount of protein | NAE | Calcium balance | low | High | low | low |
Kemi [66] | RCO | Phosphate salt | mg P | Urine calcium | low | High | low | low |
Kerstetter [67] | RCO | Amount & type of protein | NAE | Calcium balance & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Hunt [69] | RCO | Protein | g protein, mg Ca | Calcium balance & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Ceglia* [70] | RCT | K+bicarbonate | NAE | Urine calcium and absorption | low | High | low | low |
Dawson-Hughes [70] | RCT | K+bicarbonate | NAE | Urine calcium & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Frassetto [63] | RCT | K+bicarbonate | K+bicarbonate | Urine calcium | low | High | low | low |
Gettman [64] | RCO | Cranberry juice | NAE | Urine calcium | low | High | low | low |
Karp [72] | RCO | K+citrate | K+citrate | Urine calcium & BTM | low | High | low | low |
Jehle [65] | RCT | K+citrate | NAE | BMD & BTM | low | High | low | High |
MacDonald [79] | RCT | K+citrate/fruit & veg | NEAP | BMD & BTM | low | low | low | low |