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Table 3 Description of the social network of the index child.

From: The "Snacking Child" and its social network: some insights from an italian survey

 

N

Snacker

No snacker

Overall

p-value 1

BMI

p-value 2

  

858

658

1516

 

(Snackers only)

 

Gender

1510

   

p = ns

 

p = 0.093

   Male

 

468 (54.9)

367 (55.8)

835 (55.3)

 

17.4 [15.9; 19.0]

 

   Female

 

384 (45.1)

291 (44.2)

675 (44.7)

 

17.6 [16.0; 20.4]

 

Age

1510

   

p = 0.005

 

p < 0.001

   At most 8 yrs

 

498 (58.5)

337 (51.2)

835 (55.3)

 

16.6 [15.3; 19.2]

 

   Older than 8 yrs

 

354 (41.5)

321 (48.8)

675 (44.7)

 

17.8 [16.6; 20.4]

 

Place of friendship

1496

   

p = ns

 

p = 0.003

   School

 

570 (67.9)

467 (71.2)

1037 (69.3)

 

17.7 [15.3; 20.4]

 

   Child of a relative

 

126 (15.0)

97 (14.8)

223 (14.9)

 

16.8 [15.8; 20.4]

 

   Neighbor

 

114 (13.6)

75 (11.4)

189 (12.6)

 

17.7 [16.5; 20.7]

 

   Sport/other places

 

30 (3.6)

17 (2.6)

47 (3.1)

 

16.9 [15.9; 17.8]

 

Time (hours) of sport activities per week

1493

   

p = 0.002

 

p < 0.001

   None

 

336 (40.0)

223 (34.2)

559 (37.4)

 

17.6 [16.5; 20.4]

 

   Between one and three hours

 

306 (36.4)

296 (45.3)

602 (40.3)

 

16.5 [15.0; 20.0]

 

   More than three hours

 

198 (23.6)

134 (20.5)

332 (22.2)

 

17.8 [16.0; 20.4]

 

Number of different sport activities per week

934

   

p = ns

 

p = 0.018

   One sport activity

 

422 (83.7)

362 (84.2)

784 (83.9)

 

17.1 [15.3; 19.7]

 

   Two or more sport activities

 

82 (16.3)

68 (15.8)

150 (16.1)

 

17.8 [15.9; 20.8]

 

Is the friend eating snacks

1181

   

p < 0.001

 

p = 0.200

   Yes

 

612 (89.5)

379 (76.3)

991 (83.9)

 

17.8 [16.0; 20.4]

 

   No

 

72 (10.5)

118 (23.7)

190 (16.1)

 

17.8 [16.6; 21.0]

 

Number of snacks per day of the friend

668

   

p = ns

 

p < 0.001

   At most one

 

150 (37.9)

105 (38.6)

255 (38.2)

 

17.1 [15.8; 18.1]

 

   Not more than two

 

120 (30.3)

88 (32.4)

208 (31.1)

 

18.3 [16.5; 20.4]

 

   Not more than three

 

96 (24.2)

53 (19.5)

149 (22.3)

 

20.4 [17.4; 22.4]

 

   More than three

 

30 (7.6)

26 (9.6)

56 (8.4)

 

16.5 [15.3; 19.8]

 

What is your perception on the weight of your child

1484

   

p = 0.82

 

p < 0.001

   He/she is underweight

 

84 (10.1)

89 (13.7)

173 (11.7)

 

19.0 [16.7; 20.7]

 

   He/she is normal

 

588 (70.5)

432 (66.5)

1020 (68.7)

 

17.4 [15.4; 19.2]

 

   He/she is overweight

 

162 (19.4)

129 (19.8)

291 (19.6)

 

17.8 [16.5; 20.4]

 
  1. N refers to the number of valid responses. If no indicated, the number is 1516. Absolute numbers and percentages. P-value1 refers to the significance of the difference among snackers and no snackers, p-value2 to the difference in BMI across categories of each variable in the snackers only group.