Biofortified red mottled beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron than standard red mottled beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model

Table 1 Composition of experimental diets

Ingredient	Low-Fe Bean Diet	High-Fe Bean Diet
g/kg (by formulation)
High-Fe Beans (71 μg Fe/g)	_	600
Low-Fe Beans (49 μg Fe/g)	600	_
Corn	200	200
Corn oil	30	30
Dry skim milk	100	100
Vitamin/mineral premix (no Fe) ¹	70	70
_DL-Methionine	2.5	2.5
Choline Chloride	0.75	0.75
Total (g)	1000	1000
Concentrations of selected components	mean ± SEM, n = 5 (by analysis)⁴
Fe (μg Fe/g) ²	42.9 ± 1.2^a	54.6 ± 0.9^b
Total Phenols (gallic acid, μg/g) ³	103.5 ± 5.5^a	101.8 ± 6.1^a
Phytate:Fe molar ratio ³	8.28 ± 9.2^a	8.59 ± 1.06^a

¹Vitamin and mineral premix provided/kg diet (330002 Chick vitamin mixture; 230000 Salt mix for chick diet; Dyets Inc. Bethlehem, PA).
²Iron concentrations in the diets were determined by an inductively-coupled argon-plasma/atomic emission spectrophotometer (ICAP 61E Thermal Jarrell Ash Trace Analyzer, Jarrell Ash Co. Franklin, MA) following wet ashing.
³Method for determining phenol concentrations and phytate contents are described in the materials and methods section.
⁴Within a row, means without a common letter are significantly different, P < 0.05.

ISSN: 1475-2891