Table 1 Pharmacokinetic parameters of curcuminoid concentrations Area Under the Curve (AUC), c _max , t _max , and relative absorption for each formulation

Curcumin

CS

10.8 ± 1.7^x

2.3 ± 0.3

7.4 ± 1.0^{^}

1.0

CTR

5.8 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.0

3.2 ± 1.0

2.6

CP

28.7 ± 2.6⁺

2.8 ± 0.3

1.7 ± 1.0

12.7⁺

CHC

307.6 ± 44.6^#

27.3 ± 6.4^#

1.4 ± 0.5

136.3^#

Demethoxycurcumin

CS

18.4 ± 2.3

1.7 ± 0.2^x

1.2 ± 0.1

1.0

CTR

2.2 ± 0.5

0.2 ± 0.1

8.1 ± 0.2^{^&}

0.6

CP

28.0 ± 3.3^x

5.0 ± 0.7⁺

1.0 ± 0.1

7.3⁺

CHC

54.5 ± 8.1⁺

5.4 ± 1.1⁺

11.9 ± 0.1^{^&}

14.2^#

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

CS

9.3 ± 0.8^x

1.1 ± 0.1^x

1.3 ± 1.1

1.0

CTR

2.6 ± 0.4

0.3 ± 0.1

11.9 ± 0.7^{^&}

1.3

CP

6.7 ± 0.3^x

0.8 ± 0.1^x

1.3 ± 0.2

3.5⁺

CHC

10.2 ± 1.3^x

1.4 ± 0.2^x

11.9 ± 1.2^{^&}

5.3^#

Tetrahydrocurcumin

CS

1.1 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.0

8.1 ± 1.1

1.0

CTR

0.3 ± 0.1

0.0 ± 0.0

8.2 ± 1.0

1.3

CP

1.9 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.0^x

8.0 ± 1.2

8.3⁺

CHC

7.7 ± 0.6^#

0.7 ± 0.0^#

8.0 ± 0.8

33.5^#

Total Curcuminoids

CS

39.6 ± 1.5^x

5.2 ± 0.2^x

9.5 ± 0.2^{x^}

1.0

CTR

10.9 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.7

1.3

CP

65.3 ± 2.3⁺

8.7 ± 0.4⁺

1.7 ± 0.4

7.9⁺

CHC

380.0 ± 23.9^#

34.9 ± 3.3^#

1.7 ± 0.4

45.9^#